{"id":8731,"date":"2017-11-02T00:14:53","date_gmt":"2017-11-01T23:14:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/praha7.cz\/?p=8731"},"modified":"2017-12-01T20:37:03","modified_gmt":"2017-12-01T19:37:03","slug":"bojovnice-za-prava-zen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/bojovnice-za-prava-zen\/","title":{"rendered":"Bojovnice za pr\u00e1va \u017een"},"content":{"rendered":"

[perex]<\/p>\r\n

S\u00a0histori\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed \u010dtvrti se protnuly osudy \u0159ady v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed. Jednou z\u00a0nich byla i\u00a0pedago\u017eka, politi\u010dka a\u00a0bojovnice za lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Franti\u0161ka Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1. Jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no nese nejstar\u0161\u00ed modern\u00ed \u0161kola Sedmi\u010dky v\u00a0ulici Franti\u0161ka K\u0159\u00ed\u017eka, co\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda. Franti\u0161ka Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 zde coby u\u010ditelka p\u016fsobila dv\u011b des\u00edtky let.<\/p>\r\n

[\/perex]<\/p>\r\n

Franti\u0161ka Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 se narodila 5.\u00a0\u00fanora\u00a01875 v\u00a0Praze v\u00a0dom\u011b U\u00a0T\u0159\u00ed vla\u0161tovek na Karlov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed jako nejmlad\u0161\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed dcer \u0161evce a\u00a0v\u00fdrobce ortopedick\u00e9 obuvi Franti\u0161ka a\u00a0jeho man\u017eelky Franti\u0161ky. Ji\u017e b\u011bhem \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky vynikala skv\u011blou pam\u011bt\u00ed, hr\u00e1la na klav\u00edr a\u00a0po<\/p>\r\n

matce zd\u011bdila kr\u00e1sn\u00fd alt. Z\u00e1jem v\u00a0n\u00ed ale probouzelo i\u00a0otcovo aktivn\u00ed anga\u017em\u00e1 ve Spole\u010denstvu pra\u017esk\u00fdch obuvn\u00edk\u016f. O\u00a0sv\u00e9m budouc\u00edm povol\u00e1n\u00ed pedago\u017eky m\u011bla Franti\u0161ka jasno u\u017e na m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9 \u0161kole. V\u00a019. stolet\u00ed bylo k\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pedagogick\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry na obecn\u00fdch a\u00a0m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch nutn\u00e9 absolvovat jeden z\u00a0osmi takzvan\u00fdch u\u010ditelsk\u00fdch \u00fastav\u016f neboli pedagogi\u00ed. Univerzitn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed tehdy nebylo nutn\u00e9, t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161, \u017ee \u017eeny m\u011bly vstup na univerzitu zapov\u011bzen.<\/p>\r\n

Cesta za katedru<\/h3>\r\n

Na podzim 1890 nastoupila Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 na st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00dastav pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditelek v\u00a0ulici Na Rejdi\u0161ti. Zde po \u010dty\u0159ech letech odmaturovala s\u00a0v\u00fdborn\u00fdm prosp\u011bchem. Pedagogickou dr\u00e1hu zapo\u010dala jako tzv. podu\u010ditelka na obecn\u00e9 \u0161kole v\u00a0T\u00e1bo\u0159e, po p\u016fl roce zm\u011bnila p\u016fsobi\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0p\u0159e\u0161la na \u0161kolu v\u00a0nedalek\u00e9 Sob\u011bslavi. Ji\u017e brzy si ale mlad\u00e1 u\u010ditelka podala \u017e\u00e1dost o\u00a0p\u0159elo\u017een\u00ed do Prahy, kter\u00e1 byla z\u00e1hy kladn\u011b vy\u0159\u00edzena a\u00a0na podzim 1895 je Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 zp\u011bt v\u00a0Praze. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se d\u016fsledn\u011b v\u011bnuje dal\u0161\u00edmu sebevzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 nav\u0161t\u011bvuje p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky na filozofick\u00e9 fakult\u011b, chod\u00ed do ve\u010dern\u00edch kurz\u016f malby na um\u011blecko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u0161kole. Koncem roku 1898 slo\u017eila zkou\u0161ky z\u00a0matematiky, fyziky a\u00a0kreslen\u00ed a\u00a0stala se takzvanou definitivn\u00ed u\u010ditelkou.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"\"
D\u00edv\u010d\u00ed \u0161kola v\u00a0Bubnech \u2013 dlouholet\u00e9 p\u016fsobi\u0161t\u011b Franti\u0161ky Plam\u00ednkov\u00e9 \u2013 na dobov\u00e9 pohlednici.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n

V\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u00a01901 nastupuje Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 na M\u011b\u0161\u0165anskou \u0161kolu pro d\u00edvky v\u00a0Bubnech v\u00a0tehdy Vina\u0159sk\u00e9 ulici (dnes Franti\u0161ka K\u0159\u00ed\u017eka). S\u00a0touto vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed instituc\u00ed nesouc\u00ed dnes jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no spojila tak\u0159ka cel\u00fd sv\u016fj profesn\u00ed \u017eivot. Na jej\u00ed pedagogick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed vzpom\u00ednala v\u00a0roce 1935 v\u00a0almanachu vydan\u00e9m k\u00a060. narozenin\u00e1m Franti\u0161ky Plam\u00ednkov\u00e9 jej\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e1 \u017ea\u010dka Anna Kantov\u00e1: \u201eVlastnosti, kter\u00e9 m\u011bla Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 energie, neumdl\u00e9vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1pal pro v\u011bc, neutuchaj\u00edc\u00ed chu\u0165 k\u00a0pr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 je povol\u00e1n\u00edm, \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 vytrvalost, schopnost sd\u00edleti sv\u00e9 snahy \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm\u00a0\u2013 to v\u0161e jsou neoceniteln\u00e9 vlastnosti iniciativn\u00edho u\u010ditele; jsou to tak\u00e9 podm\u00ednky zdaru.\u201c Na letensk\u00e9 \u0161kole nakonec u\u010dila do roku 1919, pot\u00e9 byla uvoln\u011bna pro funkci na pra\u017esk\u00e9 radnici, do \u201eu\u010ditelsk\u00e9\u201c penze definitivn\u011b odch\u00e1z\u00ed ke konci roku 1924.<\/p>\r\n

Konec celib\u00e1tu<\/h3>\r\n

Od po\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00a0Praze sleduje Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1, nejprve zpovzd\u00e1l\u00ed a\u00a0pot\u00e9 jako aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastnice, nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed a\u00a0s\u00a0t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadavky na zlep\u0161en\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u017een ve spole\u010dnosti. V\u00a0roce 1897 zastupuje u\u010ditelky na prvn\u00edm sjezdu \u010desk\u00fdch \u017een, ze kter\u00e9ho se pozd\u011bji konstituuje \u017densk\u00fd klub \u010desk\u00fd. Na p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed byl pal\u010div\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem nejen u\u010ditelek, ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u011b \u010dinn\u00fdch \u017een celib\u00e1t. Z\u00e1kony neumo\u017e\u0148ovaly u\u010ditelk\u00e1m (vyjma takzvan\u00fdch industri\u00e1ln\u00edch, kter\u00e9 u\u010dily nap\u0159\u00edklad ru\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce) uzav\u00edrat s\u0148atek. V\u00a0roce 1903 vystoupila Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 jako z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho spolku u\u010ditelek na sjezdu pedagog\u016f s\u00a0obs\u00e1hl\u00fdm refer\u00e1tem nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm proti celib\u00e1tu. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f pro jeho planost byla obava st\u00e1tu, \u017ee vdan\u00e9 u\u010ditelky s\u00a0d\u011btmi budou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed finance. Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 proto navrhla, aby samy do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho v\u011bku platily p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky do zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho fondu, ze kter\u00e9ho by se vypl\u00e1cela mate\u0159sk\u00e1 podpora pro u\u010ditelky s\u00a0d\u011btmi. I\u00a0p\u0159es velkou snahu Plam\u00ednkov\u00e9 a\u00a0jej\u00ed lobbov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0kulo\u00e1rech zemsk\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu se celib\u00e1t nepoda\u0159ilo zru\u0161it. K\u00a0tomu do\u0161lo a\u017e po vzniku \u010cSR v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1919 a\u00a0ani tehdy u\u00a0toho Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 nechyb\u011bla. Tehdy u\u017e jako zastupitelka hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta dos\u00e1hla zru\u0161en\u00ed celib\u00e1tu i\u00a0u\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch skupin zam\u011bstnan\u00fdch \u017een, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fa\u0159ednic.<\/p>\r\n

Pr\u00e1vo volit<\/h3>\r\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm t\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9mu se Franti\u0161ka Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 v\u011bnovala, bylo volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo \u017een. \u017densk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nab\u00edrat na s\u00edle v\u00a0prvn\u00edch letech 20. stolet\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u00e1vo volit je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f \u010desk\u00fdch \u201esufra\u017eetek\u201c. Pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m tzv. volebn\u00edch kuri\u00ed zapov\u00eddal \u00fa\u010dastnit
\r\n se voleb drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u017een. V\u00a0roce 1907 sice \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd sn\u011bm z\u0159\u00eddil tzv. p\u00e1tou kurii, ve kter\u00e9 volili v\u0161ichni mu\u017ei bez rozd\u00edlu, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 byly patrn\u00e9 snahy zabr\u00e1nit \u00fa\u010dasti ve volb\u00e1ch i\u00a0t\u00e9 mali\u010dk\u00e9 skupin\u011b \u017een, kter\u00e9 to bylo dosud umo\u017en\u011bno (svobodn\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159ky, definitivn\u00ed u\u010ditelky nebo \u017eeny plat\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 8 korun dan\u00ed). I\u00a0kdy\u017e prosadit volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo pro v\u0161echny \u017eeny se Plam\u00ednkov\u00e9 \u201eza Rakouska\u201c nepoda\u0159ilo, m\u011bla velk\u00fd pod\u00edl na zvolen\u00ed prvn\u00ed poslankyn\u011b do zemsk\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu. V\u00a0\u010dervnu 1912 byla v\u00a0dopl\u0148ovac\u00edch volb\u00e1ch v\u00a0okrese Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav zvolena spisovatelka Bo\u017eena Vikov\u00e1-Kun\u011btick\u00e1 (1862\u20131934). Proto\u017ee ot\u00e1zka anga\u017em\u00e1 \u017een ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch funkc\u00edch rezonovala i\u00a0v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed, vzbudilo jej\u00ed zvolen\u00ed ohlas v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. I\u00a0samotn\u00e1 Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 p\u011bstovala kontakty v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1908 se \u00fa\u010dastnila zased\u00e1n\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed aliance pro volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo \u017een v\u00a0Amsterdamu. V\u00a0\u010dil\u00e9m kontaktu byla i\u00a0s\u00a0p\u0159edsedkyn\u00ed aliance a\u00a0bojovnic\u00ed za \u017eensk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Ameri\u010dankou Carrie Chapman Cattovou.<\/p>\r\n

Jedin\u00e1 radn\u00ed na magistr\u00e1tu<\/h3>\r\n

A\u010dkoli byla Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e odp\u016frkyn\u00ed stranictv\u00ed, vstoupila koncem I. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky do n\u00e1rodn\u011b-socialistick\u00e9 strany. Po vzniku \u010cSR pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nebyla kooptov\u00e1na do nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9ho N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0musela vz\u00edt zavd\u011bk funkc\u00ed na pra\u017esk\u00e9m magistr\u00e1tu, stala se radn\u00ed. Zde se se svou neutuchaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00edl\u00ed vrhla na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u0159ady probl\u00e9m\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed prim\u00e1tor JUDr. Karel Baxa si cenil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jej\u00edch vyjednava\u010dsk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed. V\u00a0roce 1923 stoj\u00ed u\u00a0zrodu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 feministick\u00e9 organizace\u00a0\u2013 \u017densk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady. V\u00a0rad\u011b magistr\u00e1tu, kde byla jedinou \u017eenou, p\u016fsobila a\u017e do ledna\u00a01925, kdy podala demisi kv\u016fli spor\u016fm ve vlastn\u00ed stran\u011b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"\"
Franti\u0161ka Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 jako \u010dlenka \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed komise hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy (zastupitelstva).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n

Ne\u00fa\u010dast ve veden\u00ed Prahy ale neznamenala konec Plam\u00ednkov\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho anga\u017em\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu\u00a01925 byla zvolena do sen\u00e1tu. Na nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch se sna\u017eila prosazovat zlep\u0161en\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u017een ve spole\u010dnosti. Zab\u00fdvala se nap\u0159. upraven\u00edm majetkov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v \u017een, jejich postaven\u00edm v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, ot\u00e1zkami spojen\u00fdmi s\u00a0mate\u0159skou dovolenou, zlep\u0161en\u00edm porodnictv\u00ed, zm\u011bnami v\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kvalifikaci interrupc\u00ed nebo prosazovala stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va otce i\u00a0matky ve vztahu ke\u00a0spole\u010dn\u00fdm d\u011btem.<\/p>\r\n

Sv\u00e9 vize Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 nad\u00e1le prosazovala i\u00a0na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm poli. V\u00a0roce 1925 nav\u0161t\u00edvila USA, ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech pak jako vl\u00e1dn\u00ed deleg\u00e1tka a\u00a0\u010dinovnice mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u017eensk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed celou \u0159adu evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n

Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0\u010dervnu 1939 se Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 do Skandin\u00e1vie a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161ina jej\u00edho okol\u00ed se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee odjezdu z\u00a0protektor\u00e1tu vyu\u017eije k\u00a0emigraci. Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 se ale o\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc pozd\u011bji vrac\u00ed zp\u011bt do okupovan\u00e9 zem\u011b. Ji\u017e 1.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u00a01939 byla spolu se stovkami ve\u0159ejn\u011b \u010dinn\u00fdch osob zat\u010dena v\u00a0r\u00e1mci akce Albrecht\u00a0I., propu\u0161t\u011bna byla o\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc pozd\u011bji. I\u00a0p\u0159es nevyb\u00edrav\u00e9 \u00fatoky protektor\u00e1tn\u00edho tisku pokra\u010dovala v\u00a0\u010dinnosti v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u017densk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady, ale vyhrocen\u00e1 situace b\u011bhem heydrichi\u00e1dy znamenala smrt i\u00a0pro t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sedmdes\u00e1tiletou Franti\u0161ku Plam\u00ednkovou. Podruh\u00e9 byla zat\u010dena 11.\u00a0\u010dervna\u00a01942 a\u00a0po kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0Terez\u00edn\u011b 30.\u00a0\u010dervna\u00a01942 popravena bez jak\u00e9hokoli obvin\u011bn\u00ed \u010di soudu.<\/p>\r\n

Uzav\u0159el se tak osud \u017eeny s\u00a0obdivuhodnou energi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 sv\u016fj \u017eivot doslova ob\u011btovala
\r\n ve prosp\u011bch zlep\u0161en\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u017een ve spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex] S\u00a0histori\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed \u010dtvrti se protnuly osudy \u0159ady v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed. Jednou z\u00a0nich byla i\u00a0pedago\u017eka, politi\u010dka a\u00a0bojovnice za lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Franti\u0161ka Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1. Jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no nese nejstar\u0161\u00ed modern\u00ed \u0161kola Sedmi\u010dky v\u00a0ulici Franti\u0161ka K\u0159\u00ed\u017eka, co\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda. Franti\u0161ka Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 zde coby u\u010ditelka p\u016fsobila dv\u011b des\u00edtky let. [\/perex] Franti\u0161ka Plam\u00ednkov\u00e1 se narodila 5.\u00a0\u00fanora\u00a01875 v\u00a0Praze v\u00a0dom\u011b U\u00a0T\u0159\u00ed vla\u0161tovek na […]","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8731"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8731"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10467,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8731\/revisions\/10467"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/8733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}