    
{"id":82222,"date":"2025-02-12T11:17:07","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T10:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/?p=82222"},"modified":"2025-02-12T11:18:20","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T10:18:20","slug":"kam-s-nim-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/kam-s-nim-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Kam s&nbsp;n\u00edm? I."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[perex]<\/p>\r\n<p>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace lid\u00ed v&nbsp;obc\u00edch nebo m\u011bstech s&nbsp;sebou nese celou \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi je t\u0159eba se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat. Jednou z&nbsp;t\u011bchto obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed je nutnost \u0159e\u0161it \u010distotu ulic a&nbsp;likvidaci odpadu, pro n\u011bj\u017e se v\u017eilo ozna\u010den\u00ed komun\u00e1ln\u00ed. I&nbsp;kdy\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadk\u016f, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 vyprodukuj\u00ed, narostlo v\u00fdrazn\u011b a\u017e v&nbsp;posledn\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch, i&nbsp;na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 museli hledat odpov\u011b\u010f na pov\u011bstnou nerudovskou ot\u00e1zku \u201ekam s&nbsp;n\u00edm\u201c.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n[\/perex]<\/p>\r\n<p>Z\u00e1le\u017eitosti spojen\u00e9 s&nbsp;\u010distotou ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostranstv\u00ed se v&nbsp;Praze \u0159e\u0161ily u\u017e v&nbsp;pozdn\u00edm st\u0159edov\u011bku. I&nbsp;p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b chab\u00e9 znalosti v&nbsp;oblasti hygieny bylo tehdej\u0161\u00edm kon\u0161el\u016fm jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u0161p\u00edna v&nbsp;pra\u017esk\u00fdch ulic\u00edch p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k&nbsp;\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mnoha nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch, nez\u0159\u00eddka smrteln\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. U\u017e za vl\u00e1dy Jana Lucembursk\u00e9ho se za\u010dalo s&nbsp;dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm vybran\u00fdch ulic a&nbsp;tehdy tak\u00e9 obecn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzenci ukl\u00edzeli pra\u017esk\u00e9 komunikace a&nbsp;\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b sb\u00edrali odpadky po dom\u00e1cnostech. M\u00edstem, kde se odpadky ukl\u00e1daly, bylo tzv. Rejdi\u0161t\u011b na Star\u00e9m M\u011bst\u011b pra\u017esk\u00e9m \u2013 dnes zde stoj\u00ed budova Rudolfina. Tato skl\u00e1dka fungovala zhruba do poloviny 17.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed. Nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s&nbsp;odpady a&nbsp;jejich likvidace se staly op\u011bt aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost se modernizovala, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Praha ztr\u00e1cela sv\u016fj st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd charakter, po\u010det obyvatel stoupal a&nbsp;za pomalu mizej\u00edc\u00edmi m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi hradbami rostla pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed. I&nbsp;tehdy bylo pra\u017esk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo ohro\u017eov\u00e1no naka\u017eliv\u00fdmi chorobami, kter\u00e9 se d\u00e1valy do souvislosti se \u0161patn\u00fdmi hygienick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami, zejm\u00e9na cholerou a&nbsp;tyfem. Zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00edm a&nbsp;nelehk\u00fdm \u00fakolem pro m\u011bstskou samospr\u00e1vu bylo zajistit obyvatel\u016fm kvalitn\u00ed vodu a&nbsp;z\u0159\u00eddit funk\u010dn\u00ed kanalizaci. Vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 infrastruktury zabralo veden\u00ed Prahy v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed a&nbsp;prov\u00e1zela je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b toto \u0161irok\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 se nav\u00edc v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b budov\u00e1n\u00ed kanalizace bytostn\u011b dot\u00fdkalo i&nbsp;Hole\u0161ovic-Bubn\u016f, si nech\u00e1me na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, protentokr\u00e1t z\u016fstaneme pouze u&nbsp;\u00faklidu ulic a&nbsp;zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s&nbsp;domovn\u00edm odpadem a&nbsp;jeho likvidace.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Hygienick\u00e9 standardy<\/strong><br \/>\r\nJedn\u00edm z&nbsp;atribut\u016f modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pravidel a&nbsp;jejich kodifikov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejinak tomu bylo v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hygienick\u00fdch norem pro Prahu. Zdej\u0161\u00ed magistr\u00e1t vydal ji\u017e v&nbsp;roce 1838 \u201e\u0159\u00e1d o&nbsp;\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ulic pro hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Prahu\u201c. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v&nbsp;n\u011bm obsa\u017een\u00e1 zcela koresponduj\u00ed s&nbsp;tehdej\u0161\u00edm \u017eivotem ve m\u011bst\u011b. Z&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu ov\u0161em p\u016fsob\u00ed bizarn\u011b hned prvn\u00ed odstavec t\u00e9to normy, kde se prav\u00ed: \u201ePone\u0161va\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dili zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch ulic t\u011blesnou pot\u0159ebou zapov\u00edd\u00e1 se. Pro tuto pot\u0159ebu jsou na v\u0161ech kon\u010din\u00e1ch m\u011bsta tak zvan\u00e9 z\u00e1chodky, je\u017e se na \u00fatraty obce ka\u017edodenn\u011b \u010dist\u00ed, nebo\u0165 toho tak ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 \u010dest, stejn\u011b jako vzhled na slu\u0161nost a&nbsp;vzd\u011blanost po\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd takov\u00fdch ur\u00e1\u017eek mravopo\u010destnosti se vyst\u0159\u00edhal a&nbsp;t\u011blesn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby v&nbsp;domovn\u00edch staven\u00edch odb\u00fdval.\u201c Ob\u0161\u00edrn\u011b se zde \u0159e\u0161\u00ed tak\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1le\u017eitosti spojen\u00e9 s&nbsp;existenc\u00ed hnoji\u0161\u0165 v&nbsp;domovn\u00edch dvorech nebo s&nbsp;vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00edm hnoje \u2013 to se m\u011blo d\u00edt v&nbsp;l\u00e9t\u011b nejpozd\u011bji v&nbsp;8 hodin r\u00e1no, v&nbsp;zim\u011b pak v&nbsp;10 hodin dopoledne, a&nbsp;to kv\u016fli \u201epovst\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu puchu\u201c.<\/p>\r\n<p>I kdy\u017e uveden\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d adresoval sv\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed obyvatel\u016fm, ani m\u011bsto samotn\u00e9 na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky spojen\u00e9 s&nbsp;odpady nerezignovalo. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 se to projevilo po prosazen\u00ed my\u0161lenky samospr\u00e1vy v&nbsp;60.&nbsp;letech 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed, tedy v&nbsp;dob\u011b, kdy m\u011bstu za\u010dali vl\u00e1dnout lid\u00e9 s&nbsp;mand\u00e1tem z\u00edskan\u00fdm ve volb\u00e1ch. I&nbsp;kdy\u017e volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148oval vyb\u00edrat sv\u00e9 z\u00e1stupce na radnici pouze men\u0161in\u011b obyvatel, je evidentn\u00ed, \u017ee zvolen\u00ed zastupitel\u00e9 c\u00edtili, \u017ee udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku a&nbsp;alespo\u0148 minim\u00e1ln\u00edch hygienick\u00fdch standard\u016f je pro voli\u010de d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm t\u00e9matem.<\/p>\r\n<p>A jak tehdy prob\u00edhal svoz odpad\u016f z&nbsp;dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed? V&nbsp;ulic\u00edch se pohybovaly vozy ta\u017een\u00e9 ko\u0148mi, do kter\u00fdch m\u011bst\u0161t\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzenci vysyp\u00e1vali odpadky z&nbsp;dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Jejich p\u0159\u00edjezd oznamoval zvuk zvonce um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9ho na voze.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/02_Praha_popela\u2560ur\u2560ii_c\u2560iistota_hygiena-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"478\" height=\"314\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-82226\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong><br \/>\r\nPrachu jak v\u00a0ml\u00fdnici<\/strong><br \/>\r\nJak u\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu, kter\u00fd vyprodukovala typick\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnost 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed, se s&nbsp;dne\u0161kem v\u016fbec ned\u00e1 srovnat. Obecn\u011b lid\u00e9 mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b konzumovali, jak potraviny, tak i&nbsp;spot\u0159ebn\u00ed v\u011bci, nav\u00edc prakticky neexistovaly obaly na zbo\u017e\u00ed, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes a&nbsp;je\u017e tvo\u0159\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st odpadu. Na druhou stranu se lidem doma hromadily materi\u00e1ly, se kter\u00fdmi se dnes v&nbsp;dom\u00e1cnostech u\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto nesetk\u00e1me \u2013 zejm\u00e9na popel. Proto\u017ee vozy na sv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed odpadu b\u00fdvaly a\u017e do p\u0159elomu 19.&nbsp;a&nbsp;20.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9, p\u0159i manipulaci s&nbsp;popelem se hodn\u011b pr\u00e1\u0161ilo, a\u010dkoli vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka na\u0159izovala popel p\u0159ed vysyp\u00e1n\u00edm pokropit. Tento stav byl prakticky neust\u00e1le ter\u010dem kritiky ve\u0159ejnosti i&nbsp;tisku. Trefn\u00fd popis n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy popel\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159inesl v&nbsp;roce 1900 den\u00edk N\u00e1rodn\u00ed politika: \u201eV dom\u011b se ozve pronikav\u00e9 zvon\u011bn\u00ed a&nbsp;za chvilku shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed se slu\u017eky, posluhova\u010dky, domovnice p\u0159ed domem s&nbsp;nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1dobami s&nbsp;popelem, smet\u00edm, st\u0159epy apod. D\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e si tyto p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nice slab\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed pov\u011bd\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1losti z&nbsp;domu, p\u0159ijede obecn\u00ed v\u016fz, pouze z&nbsp;\u010d\u00e1sti plachtou p\u0159ikryt\u00fd, a&nbsp;obecn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzenc a&nbsp;z\u00e1rove\u0148 ko\u010d\u00ed vysyp\u00e1v\u00e1 obsah podan\u00fdch n\u00e1dob do vozu. Z&nbsp;pravidla se p\u0159i tom vys\u00fdp\u00e1n\u00ed zapr\u00e1\u0161\u00ed jako v&nbsp;ml\u00fdnici, slu\u017eky se s&nbsp;veselou n\u00e1ladou rozutekou a&nbsp;p\u011b\u0161\u00ed obecenstvo m\u00e1 pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed d\u00fdchat tento prach, j\u00edm\u017e m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 \u0161at pokryt\u00fd.\u201c<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01_popela\u2560ur\u2560ika_1790s_91-285x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"285\" height=\"400\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-82228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01_popela\u2560ur\u2560ika_1790s_91-285x400.jpg 285w, https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01_popela\u2560ur\u2560ika_1790s_91.jpg 338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><br \/>\r\nNa rozd\u00edl od sou\u010dasnosti byl sb\u011br domovn\u00edho odpadu slu\u017ebou, kterou m\u011bsto sv\u00fdm obyvatel\u016fm poskytovalo zdarma. To se ov\u0161em net\u00fdkalo \u017eivnostn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed si museli zajistit likvidaci ve vlastn\u00ed re\u017eii, respektive nechat si odpad vyv\u00e9zt za \u00fahradu. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zd\u016fraz\u0148ovat, \u017ee p\u016fvod smet\u00ed nelze ur\u010dit, tud\u00ed\u017e se toto na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dasto nedodr\u017eovalo. V&nbsp;roce 1887 po\u010d\u00edtal m\u011bstsk\u00fd rozpo\u010det s&nbsp;n\u00e1klady na svoz odpadu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 12&nbsp;400 zlat\u00fdch, co\u017e \u010dinilo vcelku zanedbateln\u00fdch 0,4&nbsp;% v\u00fddaj\u016f m\u011bsta.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sebran\u00fd odpad se nejprve odvezl do tzv. obecn\u00edch dvor\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch se nach\u00e1zelo z\u00e1zem\u00ed pro komun\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby a&nbsp;jejich zam\u011bstnance. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed jich fungovalo celkem p\u011bt \u2013 na Star\u00e9m a\u00a0 Nov\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, Mal\u00e9 Stran\u011b, v&nbsp;Hole\u0161ovic\u00edch-Bubnech a&nbsp;v&nbsp;Libni. Hole\u0161ovick\u00fd dv\u016fr le\u017eel v&nbsp;m\u00edstech p\u016fvodn\u00ed obecn\u00ed plyn\u00e1rny \u2013 pobl\u00ed\u017e V\u00fdstavi\u0161t\u011b mezi \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trat\u00ed a&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00edmi ulicemi U&nbsp;V\u00fdstavi\u0161t\u011b a&nbsp;Za Elektr\u00e1rnou. V&nbsp;roce 1907 pracovalo v&nbsp;hole\u0161ovick\u00e9m dvo\u0159e celkem 114 d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fdm bylo k&nbsp;dispozici 14 p\u00e1r\u016f kon\u00ed k&nbsp;zap\u0159a\u017een\u00ed. Provoz tohoto obecn\u00edho podniku p\u0159i\u0161el m\u011bstskou kasu na 112&nbsp;000 korun ro\u010dn\u011b. Z&nbsp;t\u011bchto dvor\u016f se odpad odv\u00e1\u017eel na skl\u00e1dky, kter\u00e9 se, nikoli p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b, nach\u00e1zely mimo obvod m\u011bsta. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z&nbsp;nich fungovala v&nbsp;Libni, pod\u00e9l cesty do Vyso\u010dan. V&nbsp;roce 1894 si vcelku pochopiteln\u011b st\u011b\u017eovali libe\u0148\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9, \u017ee jim pra\u017esk\u00e1 obec zamo\u0159uje \u010d\u00e1st obce, kde v&nbsp;posledn\u00ed dob\u011b vyrostla cel\u00e1 \u0159ada obytn\u00fdch dom\u016f. Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je i&nbsp;pohled na ekonomick\u00e9 aspekty nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s&nbsp;odpady. N\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bstsk\u00e9 obce si naj\u00edmaly na svoz odpadu soukrom\u00e9 povozn\u00edky, tuto praxi v&nbsp;60.&nbsp;letech 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159evzala i&nbsp;Praha. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jak p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed, tak hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto prod\u00e1valy z\u00e1jemc\u016fm \u010d\u00e1st sebran\u00e9ho smet\u00ed, lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na pr\u00e1v\u011b popel. V&nbsp;roce 1883 se dle \u00fadaj\u016f m\u011bstsk\u00e9 statistick\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e vyvezlo z&nbsp;pra\u017esk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed 6870 m3 odpadu.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Vyhazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161utru na ulici<\/strong><br \/>\r\nV&nbsp;roce 1877 vydalo pra\u017esk\u00e9 zastupitelstvo nov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d \u201eo \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ulic\u201c, kter\u00fd pak v&nbsp;roce 1885 m\u00edrn\u011b upravilo pro novou \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bsta \u2013 Hole\u0161ovice-Bubny. Oproti p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9mu na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z&nbsp;konce 30.&nbsp;let se jedn\u00e1 o&nbsp;mnohem podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dokument, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159ekotn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj \u017eivota ve m\u011bst\u011b. Ze zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed lze zm\u00ednit nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1kaz skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed na ulici, respektive chodn\u00edk \u2013\u00a0 palivo bylo nutn\u00e9 z&nbsp;voz\u016f p\u0159em\u00edstit rovnou do sklep\u016f nebo dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Vykl\u00edzen\u00ed kali\u0161\u0165 a&nbsp;\u017eump bylo povoleno prov\u00e1d\u011bt pouze v&nbsp;no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch atd. O&nbsp;tom, \u017ee uveden\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d nebyl, eufemisticky \u0159e\u010deno, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 respektov\u00e1n, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad statistiky \u010dinnosti policejn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee. V&nbsp;roce 1875 \u0159e\u0161ili str\u00e1\u017en\u00edci doslova stovky p\u0159estupk\u016f, kter\u00e9 souvisely s&nbsp;odpadem \u2013 299 proh\u0159e\u0161k\u016f se t\u00fdkalo \u201evyhazov\u00e1n\u00ed popele a&nbsp;smet\u00ed na ulici\u201c, v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011bst\u011bkr\u00e1t pokutovali \u201evyhazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161utru na ulici\u201c, v&nbsp;des\u00edtk\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pak zaznamenali \u201eskl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed na ulici\u201c.<\/p>\r\n<p>Problematika spojen\u00e1 s&nbsp;odpadem a&nbsp;jeho likvidac\u00ed se mnohokr\u00e1t dostala na p\u0159et\u0159es p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho zastupitelstva, respektive rady. Radn\u00ed p\u016fsobili v&nbsp;t\u011bchto ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch pom\u011brn\u011b bezradn\u011b. V&nbsp;roce 1889 si nechali vypracovat p\u0159ehled o&nbsp;zp\u016fsobech hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s&nbsp;odpady a&nbsp;\u00faklidu ve V\u00eddni a&nbsp;srovnateln\u011b velk\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u011bstech. Zam\u011b\u0159ili se ale sp\u00ed\u0161e na ekonomickou str\u00e1nku v\u011bci a&nbsp;ani tak \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vod nedostali \u2013 v&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u011bstech \u0159e\u0161ili sb\u011br odpadu ve vlastn\u00ed re\u017eii (jako v&nbsp;Praze), jin\u00e9 municipality naj\u00edmaly pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto prac\u00ed soukromn\u00edky.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04_vyhla\u2560us\u2560ika_odpady_smetis\u2560ite\u2560i_Karli\u2560un_0211_1882-309x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"309\" height=\"400\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-82229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04_vyhla\u2560us\u2560ika_odpady_smetis\u2560ite\u2560i_Karli\u2560un_0211_1882-309x400.jpg 309w, https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04_vyhla\u2560us\u2560ika_odpady_smetis\u2560ite\u2560i_Karli\u2560un_0211_1882.jpg 378w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong><br \/>\r\nHled\u00e1n\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong><br \/>\r\nHledaly se ale i&nbsp;lep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby vlastn\u00edho sb\u011bru, v&nbsp;posledn\u00edch letech 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee se v&nbsp;Praze prosad\u00ed zp\u016fsob sb\u011bru odpadu vytvo\u0159en\u00fd v\u00edde\u0148skou firmou Hartwich. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, do ulic vyr\u00e1\u017eel v\u016fz opat\u0159en\u00fd plechovou n\u00e1stavbou, kter\u00e1 se otev\u00edrala pomoc\u00ed rolet. Na voze byly pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby na smet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu slu\u017eby m\u011bnily za ty napln\u011bn\u00e9 odpadem, jen\u017e se pak odv\u00e1\u017eel do obecn\u00edch dvor\u016f a&nbsp;d\u00e1le na skl\u00e1dky. I&nbsp;kdy\u017e se syst\u00e9m jevil jako ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, m\u011bl sv\u00e9 mouchy \u2013 s&nbsp;roletami, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly zajistit bezpra\u0161n\u00fd provoz, se velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b manipulovalo, nav\u00edc pln\u011b nalo\u017een\u00fd v\u016fz v\u00e1\u017eil v\u00edc ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i a&nbsp;p\u016fl tuny, co\u017e velmi zat\u011b\u017eovalo ta\u017en\u00e9 kon\u011b. I&nbsp;kdy\u017e m\u011bla tzv. Hartwichova soustava podporu odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch m\u00edst, fungoval tento zp\u016fsob sb\u011bru jen ve vybran\u00fdch pra\u017esk\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch a&nbsp;nikdy se pln\u011b nerozvinul.<\/p>\r\n<p>Novinky ale p\u0159ich\u00e1zely i&nbsp;z&nbsp;vlastn\u00edch \u0159ad. Spr\u00e1vce novom\u011bstsk\u00e9ho obecn\u00edho dvora Jaroslav Riedl si v&nbsp;roce 1905 nechal patentovat vlastn\u00ed syst\u00e9m sb\u011bru odpadk\u016f, kter\u00fd nazval Puritas. O&nbsp;testu t\u00e9to novinky referovaly prakticky v\u0161echny den\u00edky: \u201eSb\u011brna smet\u00ed nal\u00e9z\u00e1 se v&nbsp;kryt\u00e9m voze, na jeho\u017e jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je um\u00edst\u011bn p\u0159\u00edstroj zvan\u00fd Puritas. Dva nov\u011b uniformovan\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzenci p\u0159inesou z&nbsp;domu truhl\u00edk s&nbsp;popelem, zav\u011bs\u00ed truhl\u00edk na onen p\u0159\u00edstroj a&nbsp;pak obr\u00e1t\u00ed truhl\u00edk vzh\u016fru nohama. Po odstran\u011bn\u00ed truhl\u00edku v\u00edko p\u0159\u00edstroje Puritas se p\u0159iklop\u00ed a&nbsp;to je cel\u00e1 ta novomodn\u00ed procedura s&nbsp;popelem.\u201c<\/p>\r\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee i&nbsp;Puritas m\u011bl sv\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody (zejm\u00e9na nutnost pou\u017e\u00edvat, a&nbsp;tedy si i&nbsp;po\u0159\u00eddit standardizovan\u00e9 n\u00e1doby na odpad), ujal se v\u00edce ne\u017e Hartwich\u016fv syst\u00e9m a&nbsp;byl prakticky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n a\u017e do po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.&nbsp;let 20.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed. Jak fungoval sb\u011br odpadu v&nbsp;meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, se dozv\u00edte v&nbsp;druh\u00e9m d\u00edle \u010dl\u00e1nku v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm Hobuletu. V&nbsp;n\u011bm se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme i&nbsp;na \u00faklid pra\u017esk\u00fdch ulic v&nbsp;minulosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex] Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace lid\u00ed v&nbsp;obc\u00edch nebo m\u011bstech s&nbsp;sebou nese celou \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi je t\u0159eba se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat. Jednou z&nbsp;t\u011bchto obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed je nutnost \u0159e\u0161it \u010distotu ulic a&nbsp;likvidaci odpadu, pro n\u011bj\u017e se v\u017eilo ozna\u010den\u00ed komun\u00e1ln\u00ed. I&nbsp;kdy\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadk\u016f, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 vyprodukuj\u00ed, narostlo v\u00fdrazn\u011b a\u017e v&nbsp;posledn\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch, i&nbsp;na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 museli hledat odpov\u011b\u010f na pov\u011bstnou nerudovskou ot\u00e1zku \u201ekam [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":292,"featured_media":82227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82222"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/292"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82222"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82231,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82222\/revisions\/82231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/82227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}