{"id":8061,"date":"2017-09-16T14:12:09","date_gmt":"2017-09-16T12:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/praha7.cz\/?p=8061"},"modified":"2017-10-17T12:47:16","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T10:47:16","slug":"maly-berlin-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/maly-berlin-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Mal\u00fd Berl\u00edn I."},"content":{"rendered":"

[perex]<\/p>Mal\u00fd Berl\u00edn \u2013 tak b\u00fdv\u00e1 ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00a0za\u0161l\u00fd hn\u011bd\u00fd domovn\u00ed blok na k\u0159i\u017eovatce Bubensk\u00e9 a Veletr\u017en\u00ed ulice. Pam\u011btn\u00edci a znalci m\u00edstn\u00ed historie ale v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e9 b\u00fdvalo i okol\u00ed tohoto domu, a jako o Mal\u00e9m Berl\u00ednu mluv\u00ed o cel\u00e9 p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 oblasti. O p\u016fvodu tohoto ozna\u010den\u00ed sice koluj\u00ed historky vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0dob\u011b nacistick\u00e9 okupace, skute\u010dnost je ale takov\u00e1, \u017ee v oblasti vymezen\u00e9 zhruba dne\u0161n\u00edmi ulicemi He\u0159manova, Janovsk\u00e9ho, Strojnick\u00e1 a Bubensk\u00e1 se za\u010dala koncentrovat po\u010detn\u00e1 n\u011bmeckojazy\u010dn\u00e1 komunita (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed jak N\u011bmce, tak n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00ed \u017didy) u\u017e v\u00edc ne\u017e deset let p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou.

[\/perex]<\/p>

Zat\u00edmco letensk\u00e1 uli\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 vypadala u\u017e na p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed prakticky stejn\u011b jako dnes, mapa Bubn\u016f z\u00a0roku 1908 sk\u00fdt\u00e1 \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd obr\u00e1zek, a\u00a0to zejm\u00e9na severn\u011b od Rudolfovy t\u0159\u00eddy (dnes Veletr\u017en\u00ed). Z\u00e1novn\u00ed \u010din\u017e\u00e1ky kon\u010dily v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed t\u0159etin\u011b \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkovy ulice, d\u00e1l na v\u00fdchod k\u00a0Bubensk\u00e9 pokra\u010dovaly are\u00e1ly dvou tov\u00e1ren, kter\u00e9 tu v\u00a0sousedstv\u00ed dr\u00e1hy vyrostly v\u00a019. stolet\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0nich, sl\u00e9v\u00e1rna \u017eeleza a\u00a0tov\u00e1rna na kovov\u00e9 a\u00a0smaltovan\u00e9 kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed Vincenc Ge\u010dmen (na kterou upom\u00edn\u00e1 n\u00e1zev ulice U\u00a0Smaltovny), p\u0159il\u00e9hala k\u00a0Veletr\u017en\u00ed ulici a\u00a0m\u011bla vlastn\u00ed vle\u010dku, k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed Bubenskou v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b vchodu do domu 1377\/37 (zbytek vle\u010dky v\u00a0are\u00e1lu bubensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed dodnes existuje). Na Ge\u010dmenovu tov\u00e1rnu na severu navazoval are\u00e1l sl\u00e9v\u00e1rny a\u00a0tov\u00e1rny na hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 stroje Julius Carow.<\/p>\r\n

N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed stavebn\u00edci<\/h3>\r\n

Industri\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ra Bubn\u016f se ov\u0161em ch\u00fdlila ke konci. Tov\u00e1rny m\u011bly ustoupit hladu po stavebn\u00edch pozemc\u00edch a\u00a0oblast \u010dekala prom\u011bna v\u00a0exkluzivn\u00ed a\u00a0vyhled\u00e1vanou adresu, ve kter\u00e9 m\u011bli sehr\u00e1t z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli pr\u00e1v\u011b N\u011bmci. Ti za\u010dali m\u011bnit pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 Bubny v\u00a0reziden\u010dn\u00ed \u010dtvr\u0165 o\u00a0n\u011bco ji\u017en\u011bji, v\u00a0okol\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho \u0158ez\u00e1\u010dova n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed. R\u00e1z z\u00e1stavby, dnes \u010dasto vyhled\u00e1van\u00e9 filma\u0159i pro nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed exteri\u00e9r\u016f k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016fm odehr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm se v\u00a0(mezi)v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m Berl\u00edn\u011b, tu ve 20. letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnily dv\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti\u00a0\u2013 Pra\u017esk\u00fd spolek pro lidov\u00e9 byty (Prager Volkswohnungsverein, PVWV) se s\u00eddlem v\u00a0Letohradsk\u00e9 ulici 1212\/38, jeho\u017e spolkov\u00fdm architektem byl Adolf Foehr (*1879 v\u00a0Norimberku, \u2020 snad 1943), a\u00a0Stavebn\u00ed dru\u017estvo \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f bank a\u00a0spo\u0159itelen v\u00a0Praze (Baugenossenschaft f\u00fcr Bank- und Sparkassenbeamte in Prag, BGBSB) se s\u00eddlem ve Strossmayerov\u011b (dnes Farsk\u00e9ho) ulici 1390\/8. Ob\u011b spole\u010dnosti pracovaly v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro pra\u017esk\u00e9 N\u011bmce a\u00a0jejich domy, stav\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0Praze 7 (nen\u00ed jist\u00e9, zda z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b, \u010di shodou okolnost\u00ed), byly projektov\u00e1ny pro st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu.<\/p>\r\n

Stavebn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed PVWV a\u00a0BGBSB vznikl v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. let ucelen\u00fd blok \u0161esti dom\u016f mezi ulicemi He\u0159manova, Janovsk\u00e9ho, Schnirchova a\u00a0\u0160ternberkova. PVWV tak\u00e9 postavil t\u0159i domy v\u00a0ulici U\u00a0Vozovky (dnes U\u00a0Smaltovny 2, 4 a\u00a06) navazuj\u00edc\u00ed dvory na domy Bubensk\u00e1 13\u201315, kter\u00e9 pro PVWV vyprojektoval Foehr spolu s\u00a0Karlem Theodorem Bachem (*1858 ve V\u00eddni, \u20201938).<\/p>\r\n

Kolej n\u011bmeck\u00fdch student\u016f<\/h3>\r\n

Na pozemku ve Strojnick\u00e9 ulici, uvoln\u011bn\u00e9m zbour\u00e1n\u00edm \u010d\u00e1sti tov\u00e1rny J. Carow, za\u010dala v\u00a0roce 1929 firma Brat\u0159\u00ed Wettsteinov\u00e9 stav\u011bt kolej pro n\u011bmeck\u00e9 studenty. Projekt vypracoval architekt Zdenko Kral (*1877 ve V\u00eddni, \u20201953), profesor stavitelstv\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 techniky. Dne\u0161n\u00ed podobu kolej z\u00edskala v\u00a0roce 1936 p\u0159\u00edstavbou v\u00a0ulici U\u00a0Smaltovny (a\u010d budova na prvn\u00ed pohled p\u016fsob\u00ed dojmem jednolit\u00e9ho celku, mezi okny je patrn\u00e1 dilata\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1ra mezi ob\u011bma \u010d\u00e1stmi domu).<\/p>\r\n

Kolej slou\u017eila n\u011bmeck\u00fdm student\u016fm tak\u00e9 po celou v\u00e1lku. Po osvobozen\u00ed ji p\u0159evzala \u010cVUT, nyn\u00ed ji u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola ekonomick\u00e1. Po americk\u00e9m prezidentu Rooseveltovi byla pojmenov\u00e1na p\u0159i slavnostn\u00edm aktu 21.\u00a0listopadu\u00a01945.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/a>
Budova koleje n\u011bmeck\u00fdch student\u016f (dnes Rooseveltova kolej) ve Strojnick\u00e9 ulici.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n

D\u016fm N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho svazu<\/h3>\r\n

V\u00a0letech 1930\u20131931 vyrostla na rohu \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkovy a\u00a0Schnirchovy ulice budova N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho svazu (Deutscher Kulturverband, DKV), spolku s\u00a0ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00edc\u00edmi do dob Rakouska-Uherska, kter\u00fd m\u011bl za c\u00edl podporovat n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed a\u00a0osv\u011btovou \u010dinnost n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho obyvatelstva \u010cSR. D\u016fm postaven\u00fd jako s\u00eddlo svazu, \u0161kolka a\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 \u0161kola navrhl uzn\u00e1van\u00fd architekt Josef Zasche (*1871 v\u00a0Jablonci n. Nisou, \u20201957). Zasche byl jedn\u00edm z\u00a0m\u00e1la n\u011bmeck\u00fdch architekt\u016f, kter\u00fdm se v\u00a0meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 Praze poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed zak\u00e1zky, \u010dasto na nich spolupracoval s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdmi kolegy. Pod\u00edlel se na \u0159ad\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch staveb, nap\u0159\u00edklad pal\u00e1ci Adria na Jungmannov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n

Stavbu domu DKV provedlo podnikatelstv\u00ed staveb A. M\u00f6se, o\u00a0kter\u00e9m bude v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0n\u011bmeckou stavebn\u00ed expanz\u00ed v\u00a0Bubnech je\u0161t\u011b \u0159e\u010d. Z\u00a0pohledu dne\u0161n\u00edch diskuz\u00ed o\u00a0zastavov\u00e1n\u00ed vnitroblok\u016f je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee Zasche musel projekt p\u0159epracovat, proto\u017ee stavebn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad nepovolil samostatnou t\u011blocvi\u010dnu ve dvo\u0159e\u00a0\u2013 odporovalo to pl\u00e1nu st\u00e1tn\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed komise, kter\u00fd stanovil nezastavitelnost dvor\u016f. V\u00a0pl\u00e1nech domu se proto posouvalo schodi\u0161t\u011b, aby se t\u011blocvi\u010dna ve\u0161la do p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed a\u00a0suter\u00e9nu.<\/p>\r\n

Po v\u00e1lce byl majetek svazu (v\u00a0roce 1939 p\u0159ejmenovan\u00e9ho na Kulturverband der Deutschen, Kulturn\u00ed svaz N\u011bmc\u016f) zkonfiskov\u00e1n a\u00a0v\u00a0budov\u011b se st\u0159\u00eddala r\u016fzn\u00e1 \u0161kolsk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 byla tu \u0161kola pro \u017eensk\u00e1 povol\u00e1n\u00ed, pak osmilet\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kola a\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00ed dev\u00edtiletka. Na konci 60. let byl d\u016fm adaptov\u00e1n pro lidovou \u0161kolu um\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159edch\u016fdkyni dne\u0161n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e9 \u0161koly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/a>
Zascheho n\u00e1vrh budovy N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho svazu v\u00a0\u0160im\u00e1\u010dkov\u011b ulici z\u00a0roku 1929.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n

Z\u00e1nik tov\u00e1ren v\u00a0Bubensk\u00e9<\/h3>\r\n

V\u00a0polovin\u011b 20. let byla zru\u0161ena tov\u00e1rna Vincenc Ge\u010dmen a\u00a0v\u00a0roce 1933 byl ur\u010den k\u00a0likvidaci i\u00a0zbytek tov\u00e1rny Julius Carow. Atraktivn\u00ed pozemky z\u00edskalo ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 podnikatelstv\u00ed staveb A. M\u00f6se. To je rozd\u011blilo na parcely, kter\u00e9 z\u010d\u00e1sti prodalo jin\u00fdm investor\u016fm, a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky tak\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00fdm, z\u010d\u00e1sti na nich samo postavilo domy (n\u011bkter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji prodalo).<\/p>\r\n

Na pozemc\u00edch po Ge\u010dmenov\u011b tov\u00e1rn\u011b vyrostly jednotliv\u00e9 domy i\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ucelen\u00e9 bloky. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku nov\u00e9 ulice U\u00a0Smaltovny postavil v\u00a0letech 1931\u201332 sv\u016fj dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fm PVWV. Budova, kterou op\u011bt projektoval A. Foehr a\u00a0kter\u00e1 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 od Veletr\u017en\u00ed po \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkovu ulici, dostala \u010d. p. 1218 a\u00a0PVWV sem p\u0159em\u00edstil sv\u00e9 s\u00eddlo. Parcelu na prot\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b ulice U\u00a0Smaltovny z\u00edskalo BGBSB, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak a\u017e do konce 30. let v\u00e1halo, zda m\u00e1 na pozemku samo stav\u011bt, nebo ho prodat.<\/p>\r\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkovy ulice na p\u0159elomu 20. a\u00a030. let vyrostla dv\u011b trojdom\u00ed. Domy \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkova 8, 10 a\u00a012 vystav\u011bl Penzijn\u00ed \u00fastav \u010cesk\u00e9 banky Union v\u00a0Praze (vzdor n\u00e1zvu byla banka v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e1). Druh\u00e1 trojice (\u0160im\u00e1\u010dkova 2, 4, 6) pat\u0159ila Penzijn\u00edmu \u00fastavu Poldovy huti, rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch rukou. Restaurace U\u00a0St\u00e1rka, dnes Na Nov\u00e9 \u0161acht\u011b, v\u00a0dom\u011b \u0160im\u00e1\u010dkova 6 je uvedena v\u00a0Adres\u00e1\u0159i pohostinstv\u00ed, jejich\u017e vlastn\u00edky jsou N\u011bmci, nebo kter\u00e1 jsou provozov\u00e1na \u010cechy, ale nav\u0161t\u011bvov\u00e1na v\u00fdhradn\u011b N\u011bmci, vydan\u00e9m v\u00a0listopadu\u00a01939 policejn\u00edm prezidiem, jako jedin\u00fd takov\u00fd podnik v\u00a0Hole\u0161ovic\u00edch-Bubnech.<\/p>\r\n

Oba penzijn\u00ed \u00fastavy vlastnily i\u00a0n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch dom\u016f v\u00a0ulici U\u00a0Smaltovny; na Bubensk\u00e9 si postavil vlastn\u00ed d\u016fm architekt Foehr (Bubensk\u00e1 1376\/39). Kompletn\u011b n\u011bmeckou v\u00fdchodn\u00ed stranu ulice U\u00a0Smaltovny uzav\u00edraly domy 1419\/30 a\u00a01115\/32, kter\u00e9 vystav\u011bla firma A. M\u00f6se a\u00a0kter\u00e9 z\u016fstaly ve vlastnictv\u00ed nebo spoluvlastnictv\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f rodiny. M\u00f6seovo imp\u00e9rium pokra\u010dovalo je\u0161t\u011b za roh domem Strojnick\u00e1 433\/3. Tento d\u016fm je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0n\u011bm od prosince\u00a01935 byli p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161eni k\u00a0pobytu tehdej\u0161\u00ed poslanci Karl Hermann Frank a\u00a0Konrad Henlein. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 se tu ale vyskytovali jen z\u0159\u00eddka\u00a0\u2013 dochoval se policejn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpis z\u00a0roku 1936, kter\u00fd sd\u011bluje Krajsk\u00e9mu soudu v\u00a0Chebu: \u201eKarel Hermann Frank, poslanec, m\u00e1 sice najat\u00fd byt v\u00a0Praze\u00a0VII., Strojnick\u00e1 ul. \u010dp. 433; do tohoto bytu doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u0161ak jen ob\u010das, a\u00a0to za 4 a\u017e 6 ned\u011bl, a\u00a0zdr\u017e\u00ed se v\u00a0n\u011bm pouze n\u011bkolik dn\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161\u00edm d\u00edlem pr\u00fd bydl\u00ed v\u00a0Karlov\u00fdch Varech.\u201c V p\u0159edve\u010der v\u00e1lky prodala rodina M\u00f6seov\u00fdch tento d\u016fm \u017eidovsk\u00e9mu vlastn\u00edkovi, kter\u00e9mu byl po okupaci zabr\u00e1n n\u011bmeckou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n

O\u00a0historii Hn\u011bd\u00e9ho domu, kter\u00e9mu se dnes p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 Mal\u00fd Berl\u00edn, a\u00a0o\u00a0tom, jak n\u011bmeckou expanzi p\u0159ij\u00edmali \u010de\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9, se do\u010dtete v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm \u010d\u00edsle.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex]Mal\u00fd Berl\u00edn \u2013 tak b\u00fdv\u00e1 ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00a0za\u0161l\u00fd hn\u011bd\u00fd domovn\u00ed blok na k\u0159i\u017eovatce Bubensk\u00e9 a Veletr\u017en\u00ed ulice. Pam\u011btn\u00edci a znalci m\u00edstn\u00ed historie ale v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e9 b\u00fdvalo i okol\u00ed tohoto domu, a jako o Mal\u00e9m Berl\u00ednu mluv\u00ed o cel\u00e9 p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 oblasti. O p\u016fvodu tohoto ozna\u010den\u00ed sice koluj\u00ed historky vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0dob\u011b nacistick\u00e9 okupace, skute\u010dnost je ale takov\u00e1, \u017ee v oblasti vymezen\u00e9 zhruba dne\u0161n\u00edmi ulicemi He\u0159manova, […]","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8061"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8121,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061\/revisions\/8121"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/8111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}