Vividbooks<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n[\/perex]<\/p>\r\n
Na za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu st\u00e1la diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce na V\u0160UP a\u00a0touha vytvo\u0159it interaktivn\u00ed u\u010debnici, kter\u00e1 by dok\u00e1zala propojit tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty s\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou realitou a\u00a0funk\u010dn\u00edm grafick\u00fdm designem. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu startu ale chyb\u011bla jedna drobnost: skute\u010dn\u00fd u\u010ditel z\u00a0masa a\u00a0kost\u00ed, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 za sebou l\u00e9ta praxe a\u00a0v\u00ed, co na d\u011bti p\u0159i v\u00fduce p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f funguje, a\u00a0co jim naopak sch\u00e1z\u00ed. Jakmile se k\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edm zakladatel\u016fm V\u00edtu \u0160kopovi a\u00a0Danielu Ondr\u00e1\u0161kovi p\u0159idal u\u010ditel Franti\u0161ek C\u00e1b, pr\u00e1ce na prvn\u00ed interaktivn\u00ed u\u010debnici fyziky se rozjela naplno a\u00a0bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee cesta k\u00a0efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu a\u00a0modern\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech otev\u00edr\u00e1 sv\u00e9 br\u00e1ny. Kde jinde ne\u017e na Sedmi\u010dce. Vividbooks zde maj\u00ed toti\u017e nejen sv\u00e9 s\u00eddlo, ale v\u0161ichni t\u0159i spoluzakladatel\u00e9 v\u00a0Praze 7 dokonce bydl\u00ed a\u00a0prvn\u00ed my\u0161lenky projektu se zrodily v\u00a0jednom m\u00edstn\u00edm podniku.<\/p>\r\n
Princip aktivn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed
\r\n<\/strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dem k\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu interaktivn\u00edmu v\u00fdukov\u00e9mu programu byl princip aktivn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0praxi nevysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eTa je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem v\u0161eho, co d\u011bl\u00e1me, a\u00a0toho, co bychom r\u00e1di vnesli do \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Na\u0161e technologie je vlastn\u011b pouze n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 d\u011bti zaujmout, zp\u016fsob, jak se k\u00a0nim dostat,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Daniel Ondr\u00e1\u0161ek. \u017d\u00e1ci se d\u00edky interaktivn\u00ed animaci v\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed do situace, kter\u00e1 je jim n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zn\u00e1m\u00e1 nebo si ji dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159edstavit, a\u00a0za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed uva\u017eovat nad t\u00edm, co se ve skute\u010dnosti odehr\u00e1v\u00e1. N\u00e1sledn\u011b jim u\u010ditel pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 pe\u010dliv\u011b sestaven\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/p>\r\nPrvn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka je vymy\u0161lena tak, aby na ni dok\u00e1zal odpov\u011bd\u011bt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd \u2013 c\u00edlem je p\u0159it\u00e1hnout pozornost a\u00a0odbourat strach ze \u0161patn\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed my\u0161lenkou projektu Vividbooks je toti\u017e v\u0161t\u00edpit d\u011btem\u00a0i\u00a0u\u010ditel\u016fm p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee neexistuje \u0161patn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f, pouze nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1. Druh\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka b\u00fdv\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inou u\u017e na ni neum\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt ka\u017ed\u00fd, a\u010dkoliv i\u00a0zde je velk\u00e1 motivace, aby se pokusili odpov\u011bd\u011bt v\u0161ichni. U\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek se obvykle za\u010dnou sch\u00e1zet dva a\u017e t\u0159i n\u00e1zory, co\u017e je p\u0159esn\u011b ten moment, ke kter\u00e9mu se u\u010ditel chce dostat. V\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli toti\u017e \u017e\u00e1ci ji\u017e mus\u00ed smyslupln\u011b argumentovat, logicky uva\u017eovat, mus\u00ed um\u011bt obh\u00e1jit sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor, diskutovat a\u00a0spole\u010dn\u011b doch\u00e1zet ke spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Princip aktivn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed c\u00edl\u00ed na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00ed v\u011bdomosti, kterou d\u00edt\u011b nedostalo na st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9m podnose od u\u010ditele, ale p\u0159i\u0161lo na ni samo.<\/p>\r\n
Ach, ta fyzika
\r\n<\/strong>T\u00fdm Vividbooks si zvolil fyziku jako prvn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt hned z\u00a0n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f. Za prv\u00e9 jde o\u00a0to, \u017ee se na \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku obl\u00edbenosti v\u0161eobecn\u011b umis\u0165uje velmi n\u00edzko. A\u010dkoliv by p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch m\u011bly v\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b podn\u011bcovat zv\u011bdavost a\u00a0chu\u0165 objevovat, v\u00a0praxi se bohu\u017eel setk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s\u00a0\u201edrcen\u00edm\u201c slo\u017eit\u00fdch vzore\u010dk\u016f a\u00a0\u201e\u0161edivou\u201c u\u010debnicovou l\u00e1tkou, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1lokdo skute\u010dn\u011b rozum\u00ed. V\u00fdsledkem je strach promluvit v\u00a0hodin\u011b, nebo h\u016f\u0159 celkov\u00e1 apatie v\u016f\u010di dan\u00e9mu p\u0159edm\u011btu. Neobl\u00edbenost fyziky\u00a0a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm nedostatkem, s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti bojuje. Pal\u010div\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt rovn\u011b\u017e nedostatek kvalifikovan\u00fdch u\u010ditel\u016f. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed pak k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee fyziku vyu\u010duj\u00ed neaprobovan\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9, lid\u00e9 z\u00a0praxe, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodnou st\u00e1t se ze dne na den u\u010ditelem. Pokud fyziku u\u010d\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk bez didaktick\u00fdch a\u00a0pedagogick\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed, pot\u0159ebuje vhodn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd mu usnadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu hodiny a\u00a0pom\u016f\u017ee mu lekci zp\u0159\u00edstupnit a\u00a0zatraktivnit pro d\u011btsk\u00e9 publikum.<\/p>\r\nU\u017eivatelsky p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 technologie
\r\n<\/strong>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010debnice Vividbooks maj\u00ed fungovat jako platforma, kter\u00e1 napln\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159eby u\u010ditele a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Vyu\u017e\u00edvat je mohou jak zku\u0161en\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9, tak nov\u00e1\u010dci a\u00a0jejich c\u00edlem je jednoduchost a\u00a0efektivita. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je na sv\u011bt\u011b u\u010debnice fyziky a\u00a0chemie, ale pracuje se tak\u00e9 na matematice a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodopisu. Jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 profily, z\u00a0nich\u017e se d\u00e1 p\u0159ej\u00edt na t\u00e9mata, kapitoly\u00a0a\u00a0d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed lekce. Princip roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 reality je jen dopl\u0148kem, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0upout\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hodiny jsou i\u00a0pracovn\u00ed listy, kter\u00e9 si u\u010ditel z\u00a0aplikace vytiskne a\u00a0s\u00a0jejich\u017e pomoc\u00ed si\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee ov\u011b\u0159ovat na\u010derpan\u00e9 znalosti \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 lekce rovn\u011b\u017e obsahuje metodickou inspiraci, kter\u00e1 pom\u016f\u017ee i\u00a0nezku\u0161en\u00e9mu u\u010diteli pochopit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed c\u00edle hodiny a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Podle Daniela Ondr\u00e1\u0161ka je mezi edukativn\u00edmi trendy zaj\u00edmav\u00fd tak\u00e9 takzvan\u00fd mikrolearning, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e u\u017eivatel digit\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace konzumuje ur\u010ditou informaci po dobu 5\u201310 sekund. Dne\u0161n\u00ed d\u011bti vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a\u00a0popul\u00e1rn\u00edch \u201estories\u201c (kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 interaktivn\u00ed videa s\u00a0vizu\u00e1ln\u00edm, textov\u00fdm, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zvukov\u00fdm obsahem, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky platform\u00e1m Instagram a\u00a0Facebook) a\u00a0jsou nau\u010deny kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 informace velmi dob\u0159e vst\u0159eb\u00e1vat. \u201eSna\u017e\u00edme se j\u00edt s\u00a0dobou, n\u00e1sledovat ur\u010dit\u00fd trend a\u00a0zkusit ho vepsat do na\u0161\u00ed technologie,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Daniel Ondr\u00e1\u0161ek.<\/p>\r\nIndividualizace jako vize
\r\n<\/strong>Individualizace\u00a0a\u00a0n\u016f\u017eky rozev\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed se mezi ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm a\u00a0soukrom\u00fdm \u0161kolstv\u00edm jsou v\u0161eobecn\u011b velkou v\u00fdzvou. V\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b dvaceti a\u017e t\u0159iceti \u017e\u00e1k\u016f nen\u00ed na konkretizaci pot\u0159eb jednotliv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b prostor ani \u010das. S\u00a0t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem by mohla um\u011bt pomoci um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence. Pr\u00e1v\u011b s\u00a0touto technologi\u00ed by do budoucna cht\u011bl pracovat i\u00a0t\u00fdm Vividbooks. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci ve \u0161kole by m\u011bla b\u00fdt schopna \u201ena\u010d\u00edst\u201c konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pot\u0159eby jednotliv\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b test\u016f a\u00a0procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0hodin\u011b a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b by m\u011bla pomoct sestavit individu\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010debn\u00ed pl\u00e1n, se kter\u00fdm mohou pracovat nap\u0159\u00edklad i\u00a0rodi\u010de. \u201eC\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159it konverzaci mezi u\u010ditelem, \u017e\u00e1kem a\u00a0rodi\u010dem,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Daniel Ondr\u00e1\u0161ek.<\/p>\r\n\u201eRodi\u010de bychom r\u00e1di zapojili nap\u0159\u00edklad i\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee jim po\u0161leme notifikaci do mobilu, kdy\u017e jejich d\u00edt\u011b zrovna p\u00ed\u0161e test. Rodi\u010d si test m\u016f\u017ee zkusit taky a\u00a0my mu pak po\u0161leme n\u00e1vod, jak se danou l\u00e1tku dou\u010dit.\u201c Technologie zkr\u00e1tka nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyu\u017eita jen pro pasivn\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu kouk\u00e1n\u00edm na displej telefonu, d\u00e1 se vyu\u017e\u00edvat smyslupln\u011b a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee zna\u010dn\u011b usnadnit komunikaci mezi \u0161kolou a\u00a0rodinou. Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup se rovn\u011b\u017e zrcadl\u00ed v\u00a0postoji ke \u0161kol\u00e1m, se kter\u00fdmi t\u00fdm Vividbooks navazuje partnersk\u00fd vztah, sna\u017e\u00ed se \u0159editel\u016fm vych\u00e1zet vst\u0159\u00edc a\u00a0nad r\u00e1mec nab\u00edzen\u00e9ho produktu zdarma p\u0159ipravuje tak\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed workshopy nebo webin\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\r\n
Sd\u00edlet stejn\u00e9 hodnoty
\r\n<\/strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho kolektivu je podle Daniela Ondr\u00e1\u0161ka sd\u00edlen\u00ed stejn\u00fdch hodnot. \u201eD\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee d\u011bl\u00e1me n\u011bco smyslupln\u00e9ho a\u00a0v\u00fdsledek m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd dopad nejen dnes, ale zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0budoucnosti,\u201c vysv\u011btluje. Prvotn\u00ed motivac\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00fdmu byla pr\u00e1v\u011b nespokojenost s\u00a0kvalitou vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1jem o\u00a0studium technick\u00fdch obor\u016f, pot\u0159eba budovat nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na skute\u010dn\u011b podstatn\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u016fle m\u011bnit nepru\u017en\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed. \u201eZp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba od d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se kone\u010dn\u011b nau\u010dily t\u011b\u017ekou l\u00e1tku, je nenahraditeln\u00e1. To se pak r\u00e1no vst\u00e1v\u00e1 do pr\u00e1ce jedna radost,\u201c opodstat\u0148uje pr\u00e1ci sv\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\r\nJednotn\u00e1 Evropa?
\r\n<\/strong>\u0160kolstv\u00ed je sice mnoh\u00fdmi p\u0159edem zatracovan\u00e1, pro v\u0161echny ov\u0161em naprosto fundament\u00e1ln\u00ed oblast spole\u010densk\u00e9ho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve v\u00fduce p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a\u00a0ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed v\u016fbec v\u0161ak v\u00a0Evrop\u011b panuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy. T\u0159eba N\u011bmecko nebo Francie jsou velmi centralizovan\u00e9, jednotliv\u00e1 \u0161kola nezm\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0podstat\u011b nic a\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed jsou pln\u011b v\u00a0rukou \u201evy\u0161\u0161\u00edho syst\u00e9mu\u201c. \u201eU\u010ditel tam nezn\u00e1, \u017ee by mu n\u011bkdo zavolal a\u00a0nab\u00edzel inovaci, n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho je tam prost\u011b tabu,\u201c osv\u011btluje situaci Daniel Ondr\u00e1\u0161ek. Slovensko je na tom podobn\u011b a\u00a0nav\u00edc bojuje s\u00a0nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi ekonomick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami. Daniel b\u011bhem na\u0161eho rozhovoru neust\u00e1le zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly maj\u00ed velkou svobodu v\u00a0rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fduky. Je dan\u00fd v\u00fdstup, tedy to, co d\u011bti mus\u00ed na konci um\u011bt, forma v\u00fduky je ale pln\u011b v\u00a0rukou u\u010ditele. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u0161kola se tud\u00ed\u017e m\u016f\u017ee vyv\u00edjet trochu jinou cestou.<\/p>\r\nInspirac\u00ed pro Vividbooks jsou rovn\u011b\u017e seversk\u00e9 zem\u011b nebo nedalek\u00e9 Rakousko, kter\u00e9 je nap\u0159ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0podpo\u0159e implementace digit\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00ed ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. \u201eRakousko m\u00e1 dokonce st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituci, kter\u00e1 podporuje soukrom\u00e9 firmy produkuj\u00edc\u00ed inovativn\u00ed technologie ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, jak finan\u010dn\u011b, tak i\u00a0s\u00a0nasazen\u00edm do \u0161kol,\u201c vysv\u011btluje. Tak\u00e9 u\u010debnice Vividbooks si \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly nyn\u00ed nov\u011b mohou zakoupit z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku od M\u0160MT jako digit\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010debn\u00ed pom\u016fcku. Dal\u0161\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je Brit\u00e1nie, kde se p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty na Z\u0160 vyu\u010duj\u00ed souhrnn\u011b pod n\u00e1zvem \u201escience\u201c. \u201eV\u00a0\u010cesku d\u011bti \u010dasto ani netu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se u\u010d\u00ed jednu\u00a0a\u00a0tu samou l\u00e1tku ve fyzice, v\u00a0chemii a\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodopise, v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii se \u017e\u00e1ci tyto p\u0159edm\u011bty u\u010d\u00ed kontextu\u00e1ln\u011b jako p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce. Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kontext vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed propast v\u00a0pochopen\u00ed prov\u00e1zanosti mezi t\u011bmito p\u0159edm\u011bty,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Daniel Ondr\u00e1\u0161ek.<\/p>\r\n
Zlomov\u00fdm bodem byla pro Vividbooks i\u00a0covidov\u00e1 krize. Sice p\u0159inesla mnoho restrikc\u00ed a\u00a0ne\u010dekan\u00e9 v\u00fddaje z\u00a0rozpo\u010dtu, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale\u00a0donutila spole\u010dnost posunout se d\u00e1l ve vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed. Podle Daniela Ondr\u00e1\u0161ka\u00a0nen\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed doba (nejen ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed) v\u016fbec tak zl\u00e1, jak se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t. Naopak nahr\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161em bez rozd\u00edlu, pokud maj\u00ed dobr\u00fd \u00famysl a\u00a0smyslupln\u00fd, promy\u0161len\u00fd projekt se spole\u010densk\u00fdm dopadem. Je-li v\u016fle a\u00a0motivace, mo\u017en\u00e9 je zkr\u00e1tka cokoliv.<\/p>\r\n
\r\nOT\u00c1ZKY PRO DISKUZI K OBR\u00c1ZKU<\/strong><\/p>\r\nNa obr\u00e1zku dr\u017e\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de. Voda kles\u00e1 a v jeden moment ho u\u017e neudr\u017e\u00ed a \u010dern\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d spadne na zem. Na prvn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d se to tak stalo znaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci odpov\u011b\u010f z p\u0159edchoz\u00ed lekce. Posouv\u00e1me se ale d\u00e1l, ke specifikaci hydrostatick\u00e9 vztlakov\u00e9 s\u00edly:<\/p>\r\n
1<\/strong>\u00a0V animaci jsou namalovan\u00e9 \u0161ipky. Co asi zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed?<\/p>\r\n2<\/strong>\u00a0Pro\u010d jsou \u0161ipky shora men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zdola?<\/p>\r\n3<\/strong>\u00a0Pro\u010d tedy voda nadn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed?<\/p>\r\n4<\/strong>\u00a0Nadn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed (nebo m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edct \u201enadleh\u010duje\u201c) voda i \u017eelezn\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed? Zd\u016fvodni svou odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\r\n
\r\nODPOV\u011aDI<\/strong><\/p>\r\n1. odpov\u011b\u010f<\/strong>: Hydrostatickou tlakovou s\u00edlu.<\/p>\r\n\u017d\u00e1k\u016fm by nem\u011blo d\u011blat probl\u00e9m \u0161ipky pojmenovat vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se p\u0159edchoz\u00ed lekce v\u011bnuj\u00ed hydrostatick\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 s\u00edle, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed ze v\u0161ech sm\u011br\u016f na p\u0159edm\u011bt pono\u0159en\u00fd v\u00a0kapalin\u011b.<\/p>\r\n
2. odpov\u011b\u010f<\/strong>: Naho\u0159e je men\u0161\u00ed hydrostatick\u00fd tlak ne\u017e dole, a\u00a0t\u00edm p\u00e1dem p\u016fsob\u00ed naho\u0159e men\u0161\u00ed tlakov\u00e1 s\u00edla.<\/p>\r\nOt\u00e1zka m\u00e1 upozornit na rozd\u00edlnost velikost\u00ed sil zobrazen\u00fdch v\u00a0animaci. Odpov\u011b\u010f op\u011bt vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0pochopen\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edch lekc\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n
3. odpov\u011b\u010f<\/strong>: Proto\u017ee zdola p\u016fsob\u00ed na t\u011bleso v\u00a0kapalin\u011b v\u017edycky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlakov\u00e1 s\u00edla ne\u017e shora.<\/p>\r\nC\u00edlem ot\u00e1zky je uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee nadn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed t\u011blesa kapalinou je\u00a0zp\u016fsobeno v\u00fdslednic\u00ed tlakov\u00fdch sil a\u00a0\u017ee\u00a0tato v\u00fdslednice p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u017edy ,,vzh\u016fru\u201c (v\u00a0opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru ne\u017e t\u00edhov\u00e1 s\u00edla).<\/p>\r\n
4. odpov\u011b\u010f<\/strong>: Voda nadn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed (nadleh\u010duje) i\u00a0\u017eelezn\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed. I\u00a0pro n\u011bj toti\u017e plat\u00ed, \u017ee zdola na n\u011bj p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlakov\u00e1 s\u00edla vody ne\u017e shora.<\/p>\r\nPojem ,,nadn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed\u201c maj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci \u010dasto spojen\u00fd s\u00a0p\u0159edstavou, \u017ee n\u011bco na vod\u011b plave, a\u00a0maj\u00ed tak pocit, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017eelezn\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed voda nenadn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. C\u00edlem t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky je propojit v\u00fdznam slova ,,nadn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed\u201c s\u00a0v\u00fdznamem slova ,,nadleh\u010duje\u201c, a\u00a0t\u00edm podpo\u0159it p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee voda nadn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b v\u0161echna t\u011blesa, kter\u00e1 do n\u00ed pono\u0159\u00edme. Zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti je mo\u017en\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a\u00a0vhodn\u00e9 je doplnit ho i\u00a0d\u016fkazem pomoc\u00ed experimentu uveden\u00e9ho v\u00a0t\u00e9to metodice.<\/p>\r\n
\r\nwww.vividbooks.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex] Fyzika a\u00a0chemie. Stra\u0161\u00e1ci d\u011bt\u00ed i\u00a0dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. Mnoho z\u00a0t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem ji\u017e pro\u0161li, a\u00a0mnoz\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed j\u00edm pr\u00e1v\u011b proch\u00e1zej\u00ed, by tyto p\u0159edm\u011bty pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ozna\u010dili za nejm\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u011b nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00fduka p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u00edcelet\u00fdch gymn\u00e1zi\u00edch v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b pokulh\u00e1v\u00e1 nebo zaost\u00e1v\u00e1 za modern\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem technologicky vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed. Mus\u00ed tomu tak […]","protected":false},"author":292,"featured_media":64627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64603"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/292"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64603"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64628,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64603\/revisions\/64628"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/64627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}