{"id":60884,"date":"2022-09-29T14:13:18","date_gmt":"2022-09-29T12:13:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/?p=60884"},"modified":"2022-09-29T14:13:39","modified_gmt":"2022-09-29T12:13:39","slug":"zranitelni-velikani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/zranitelni-velikani\/","title":{"rendered":"Zraniteln\u00ed velik\u00e1ni"},"content":{"rendered":"

[perex]<\/p>\r\n

Stromy ve m\u011bstech nemaj\u00ed zrovna na r\u016f\u017e\u00edch ustl\u00e1no. Mus\u00ed vzdorovat vandalismu, hektolitr\u016fm ps\u00ed i\u00a0lidsk\u00e9 mo\u010di, kou\u0159\u00edc\u00edm aut\u016fm a\u00a0v\u00a0zim\u011b se mus\u00ed vyrovnat se zasolov\u00e1n\u00edm chodn\u00edk\u016f i\u00a0vozovek. Vzhledem ke zt\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m se strom ve m\u011bst\u011b do\u017eije mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku ne\u017e jeho kolega v\u00a0lese. V\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme napo\u010d\u00edtat 100 a\u017e 200 letokruh\u016f, ve m\u011bstech bohu\u017eel daleko m\u00e9n\u011b. Av\u0161ak kvalitn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e1 zelen\u00e1 infrastruktura prosp\u00edv\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bku, rostlin\u00e1m i\u00a0\u017eivo\u010dich\u016fm. Stromy zdarma pracuj\u00ed jako tov\u00e1rna na kysl\u00edk nebo jako v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 klimatiza\u010dn\u00ed jednotka. P\u0159esto je nam\u00edst\u011b ot\u00e1zka\u00a0\u2013 v\u00e1\u017e\u00edme si jich dost?<\/p>\r\n

[\/perex]<\/p>\r\n

Od nepam\u011bti si lid\u00e9 d\u0159evinami zkr\u00e1\u0161lovali okol\u00ed sv\u00fdch obydl\u00ed. P\u0159i narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte otec zasadil strom. Ji\u017e tehdy \u010dlov\u011bk zjistil, \u017ee na n\u011bj stromy p\u016fsob\u00ed blahod\u00e1rn\u011b nejen z\u00a0pohledu estetick\u00e9ho, ale \u017ee tak\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed slu\u017ebu, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na kvalitu lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Od roku 2000 sice slav\u00edme 20.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjen jako Den strom\u016f, ale na\u0161e sou\u017eit\u00ed ve m\u011bstech m\u00e1 st\u00e1le limity.<\/p>\r\n

P\u0159es svoji mohutnost, pevnost a\u00a0velikost jsou stromy snadno zraniteln\u00e9. A\u0165 ji\u017e ve smyslu mechanick\u00fdch po\u0161kozen\u00ed, \u010di aplikac\u00ed chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek do okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bnou klimatu, tedy jevy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo souvisej\u00ed s\u00a0lidmi a\u00a0lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed. I\u00a0kdy\u017e je \u017eivotnost strom\u016f d\u00e1na geneticky, ve m\u011bstech p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neplat\u00ed. Krom\u011b stresov\u00fdch faktor\u016f, jak\u00fdmi mohou b\u00fdt dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho, zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0zasolen\u00ed p\u016fdy \u010di exhalace, je nutn\u00e9 si tak\u00e9 uv\u011bdomit, co se v\u00a0ulici odehr\u00e1lo za dobu, kdy se tam strom sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt\u00a0\u2013 kolikr\u00e1t se vym\u011b\u0148ovaly in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, v\u0161echno to bour\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0stav\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch dom\u016f, v\u00fdm\u011bny povrchu ulice a\u00a0podobn\u011b\u2026 To m\u016f\u017ee \u017eivot stromu zkr\u00e1tit o\u00a0des\u00edtky let. D\u00e9lce jeho \u017eivota nep\u0159id\u00e1 ani nedostatek vody, se kter\u00fdm se mus\u00ed ve m\u011bstech nau\u010dit \u017e\u00edt. Jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u00a0sr\u00e1\u017ekovou vodu, kter\u00e1 se na zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch nevsakuje do p\u016fdy a\u00a0odt\u00e9k\u00e1 kanalizac\u00ed. Spr\u00e1va a\u00a0p\u00e9\u010de o\u00a0uli\u010dn\u00ed stromo\u0159ad\u00ed je v\u00a0Praze nav\u00edc rozd\u011blena mezi n\u011bkolik subjekt\u016f (magistr\u00e1t, Technick\u00e1 spr\u00e1va komunikac\u00ed, m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nebo odbor spr\u00e1vy majetku), kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed standardy. Nen\u00ed pak divu, \u017ee je podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch pramen\u016f v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u011bkov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br strom\u016f, jeho\u017e se ve m\u011bstech do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, pouh\u00fdch \u0161estn\u00e1ct let.<\/p>\r\n

Tov\u00e1rna na kysl\u00edk<\/strong>
\r\nV\u0161ichni si to pamatujeme ze \u0161koly\u00a0\u2013 strom\u016f a\u00a0rostlin v\u016fbec si cen\u00edme pro jejich schopnost od\u010derp\u00e1vat z\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd. Procesem fotosynt\u00e9zy p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed energii tak, aby ji mohly vyu\u017e\u00edt pro sv\u016fj r\u016fst a\u00a0tvorbu semen, ale tak\u00e9 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed ze vzduchu oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed kysl\u00edk. Studie uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee vzrostl\u00fd strom denn\u011b vyrob\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed kysl\u00edku, kter\u00e9 by teoreticky pokrylo pot\u0159ebu kysl\u00edku k\u00a0d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b deseti lid\u00ed. Nav\u00edc stromy p\u016fsob\u00ed i\u00a0jako \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 protihlukov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra a\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159irozen\u00e9 filtry \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 zachycuj\u00ed jedovat\u00fd p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed oz\u00f3n, oxidy s\u00edry a\u00a0dus\u00edku, oxid uhelnat\u00fd a\u00a0jemn\u00fd pol\u00e9tav\u00fd prach.<\/p>\r\n

Strom jako \u0161t\u00edt p\u0159ed horkem<\/strong>
\r\nV\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy sv\u011bt \u010del\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b v\u00a0podob\u011b krat\u0161\u00edch zim a\u00a0del\u0161\u00edch veder, vyvst\u00e1vaj\u00ed do pop\u0159ed\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvody, pro\u010d si stromy v\u00edce h\u00fd\u010dkat. St\u00edn jednoho stromu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0parn\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u011b p\u0159in\u00e9st k\u00fd\u017een\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vedrem\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0kdy\u017e je strom\u016f v\u00edc, jejich ochlazovac\u00ed efekt se zvy\u0161uje. Pomoc\u00ed nich se sna\u017e\u00edme bojovat s\u00a0fenom\u00e9nem zvan\u00fdm m\u011bstsk\u00fd tepeln\u00fd ostrov. Tento efekt se poda\u0159ilo popsat d\u00edky satelitn\u00edmu sn\u00edmkov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teploty povrchu nebo vzduchu nad n\u00edm. Kdo by dnes neznal v\u00fdmluvn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky s\u00a0hroziv\u011b zarudl\u00fdmi oblastmi, kter\u00e9 oblet\u011bly v\u0161echna sv\u011btov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia. P\u0159itom spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed strom\u016f na spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch m\u00edstech m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit jejich teplotu a\u017e o\u00a05 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. Pot\u0159eba ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed tak dnes rezonuje st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji. A\u00a0urbanist\u00e9 se \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji v\u011bnuj\u00ed tomu, jak se na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy teplot p\u0159ipravit\u00a0\u2013 vlny horka toti\u017e mimo jin\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie, maj\u00ed velk\u00fd dopad na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a\u00a0tak\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, jak se v\u00a0dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b c\u00edt\u00edme.<\/p>\r\n

Jako p\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed poslou\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdsledek architektonick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee na prom\u011bnu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho prostranstv\u00ed Pra\u017esk\u00e9 tr\u017enice. \u201eKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm t\u00e9matem pro n\u00e1s bylo dopln\u011bn\u00ed strom\u016f v\u00a0prostoru,\u201c upozornili architekti z\u00a0v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho Studia Perspektiv. Vysazeny tu maj\u00ed b\u00fdt des\u00edtky nov\u00fdch strom\u016f, aby vytvo\u0159ily p\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hranici are\u00e1lu. Dopln\u00ed je dal\u0161\u00ed plochy nov\u00e9 zelen\u011b, na m\u00edst\u011b budou i\u00a0vodn\u00ed prvky, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pomohou okol\u00ed v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b ochlazovat. K\u00a0zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed strom\u016f bude pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda.<\/p>\r\n

Jak citliv\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost pot\u0159ebu zelen\u011b ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m prostoru, dokazuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 reakce na v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fd architektonick\u00fd n\u00e1vrh Vltavsk\u00e9 filharmonie. Pokud se n\u011bjak\u00e1 kritika na n\u00e1vrh ateli\u00e9ru BIG u\u017e snesla, tak mu ponejv\u00edce bylo vy\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed strom\u016f. Nyn\u00ed se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eete i\u00a0vy zapojit do dopracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu, a\u00a0pomoci tak architekt\u016fm a\u00a0m\u011bstu dotvo\u0159it n\u00e1vrh do podoby, kter\u00e1 bude co nejl\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddat pot\u0159eb\u00e1m budouc\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f. Na stanici metra Vltavsk\u00e1 se m\u016f\u017eete od 17. do 27.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 2022 zastavit v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00edm a\u00a0participa\u010dn\u00edm kontejneru Institutu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0rozvoje hl. m\u011bsta Prahy (IPR), kde se dozv\u00edte v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 se budete moci vyj\u00e1d\u0159it pomoc\u00ed dotazn\u00edku, kter\u00fd bude k\u00a0dispozici i\u00a0v\u00a0on-line podob\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u011b prob\u011bhne i\u00a0setk\u00e1n\u00ed nad mapou nebo debata s\u00a0autory v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu.
\r\n
\r\n<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n


\r\n
\r\nTepeln\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed<\/strong>
\r\nDnes u\u017e se v\u00ed, \u017ee teploty se mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161it tak\u00e9 uvnit\u0159 m\u011bst, m\u011bstsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed i\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch blok\u016f. Efekt tepeln\u00e9ho ostrova je tedy sp\u00ed\u0161e podobn\u00fd \u201etepeln\u00fdm souostrov\u00edm\u201c, men\u0161\u00edm tepeln\u00fdm ostr\u016fvk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou od sebe odd\u011bleny oblastmi st\u00ednu a\u00a0zelen\u011b. Je proto tak\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby stromy byly vysazov\u00e1ny v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde lid\u00e9 re\u00e1ln\u011b \u017eij\u00ed a\u00a0aktivn\u011b se tam pohybuj\u00ed, a\u00a0ne pouze v\u00a0parc\u00edch. Nesta\u010d\u00ed ov\u0161em jen s\u00e1zet stromy, ale mus\u00ed se p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let i\u00a0o\u00a0tom, kolik jich chceme vysadit, kdy je s\u00e1zet a\u00a0tak\u00e9 kam p\u0159esn\u011b.<\/p>\r\n

Sedmi\u010dka tento efekt jasn\u011b dokl\u00e1d\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 zat\u00edmco zastav\u011bn\u00e1 Letn\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejteplej\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta ve m\u011bst\u011b, Stromovka je v\u00a0kategorii t\u011bch nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch. Je-li \u010dlov\u011bk na Letensk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed zchv\u00e1cen\u00fd a\u00a0pot\u00ed se vedrem, dole v\u00a0parku si po \u010dase r\u00e1d obl\u00e9kne vrstvu nav\u00edc. To, \u017ee se teplota m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161it i\u00a0v\u00a0r\u00e1mci mal\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, dokazuje leto\u0161n\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f z\u00a0Univerzity Palack\u00e9ho, kte\u0159\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 na Ortenov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed zkoumali, jak\u00e9 povrchy, barvy, ale t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed zelen\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed teplot v\u00a0ulic\u00edch. Klimatolog Michal Lehnert z\u00a0olomouck\u00e9 univerzity k\u00a0tomu v\u00a0report\u00e1\u017ei \u010cesk\u00e9 televize dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eV\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 z\u00e1stavb\u011b nejsou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty po poledni ve dv\u011b hodiny, ale t\u0159eba a\u017e kolem \u010dtvrt\u00e9 nebo p\u00e1t\u00e9. Prostor se postupn\u011b oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a\u00a0povrchy nas\u00e1vaj\u00ed teplo.\u201c Jen o\u00a0p\u00e1r metr\u016f d\u00e1l p\u0159itom v\u011bdci nam\u011b\u0159ili hned o\u00a0n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f m\u00e9n\u011b. P\u0159isp\u011bly k\u00a0tomu st\u00edn\u00edc\u00ed stromy a\u00a0tr\u00e1vn\u00edk a\u00a0je zde tak\u00e9 font\u00e1na, i\u00a0kdy\u017e vodn\u00ed plocha neznamen\u00e1 v\u017edy automatick\u00e9 ochlazen\u00ed. \u201eKdyby nebyla zast\u00edn\u011bna vysokou vegetac\u00ed, tak by naopak mohla tepeln\u00fd komfort zhor\u0161ovat. Je to t\u00edm, \u017ee slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed se od vody odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na t\u011blo \u010dlov\u011bka,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Lehnert.<\/p>\r\n

Stromy jsou tedy velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et velk\u00fd zisk za relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou cenu. Cel\u00fd proces ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00a0fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho hlediska velmi jednoduch\u00fd: pevn\u00e9, lidmi vyroben\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad silnice, chodn\u00edky nebo domy, b\u011bhem dne absorbuj\u00ed teplo\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0pak ho v\u00a0noci pomalu uvol\u0148uj\u00ed. Stromy ale tyto povrchy st\u00edn\u00ed a\u00a0ochlazuj\u00ed. Pod jejich korunami lze nam\u011b\u0159it a\u017e o\u00a03 \u00b0C\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplotu ve dne a\u00a0naopak o\u00a0t\u0159i stupn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotu v\u00a0noci. To v\u0161e pomoc\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho procesu, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 evapotranspirace. Ta je zp\u016fsobena vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm vody z\u00a0p\u00f3r\u016f v\u00a0listech. Stromy se \u201epot\u00ed\u201c jako lid\u00e9. Voda p\u0159i vypa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0list\u016f spot\u0159ebuje teplo z\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, tedy i\u00a0teplo dr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se ve m\u011bstech, a\u00a0tak ovzdu\u0161\u00ed chlad\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad koruna stromu o\u00a0rozp\u011bt\u00ed 9 metr\u016f m\u016f\u017ee vypa\u0159it a\u017e 151 litr\u016f vody za den. Stromy tak sni\u017euj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu klimatizace v\u00a0hork\u00fdch obdob\u00edch, a\u00a0to \u00fadajn\u011b a\u017e o\u00a030 %, a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 sni\u017euj\u00ed tak\u00e9 pot\u0159ebu vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0chladn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch o\u00a020\u201350 %.\u00a0Studie spole\u010dnosti Enki nazvan\u00e1 Co dok\u00e1\u017ee strom tvrd\u00ed: \u201ePr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b strom v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu deseti hodin chlad\u00ed v\u00fdkonem 7 kW. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, klimatiza\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00a0luxusn\u00edch hotelech maj\u00ed v\u00fdkon 2 kW, mrazni\u010dky a\u00a0ledni\u010dky o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0159\u00e1d ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Ledni\u010dka, mrazni\u010dka i\u00a0klimatiza\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed oh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed v\u00fdkonem, kter\u00fdm na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b chlad\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\r\n

Po\u010d\u00edtat m\u016f\u017eeme i\u00a0d\u00e1l. Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, a\u00a0studie to dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee d\u0159eviny ve m\u011bstech p\u016fsob\u00ed na lidi p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bji, lid\u00e9 rad\u011bji nakupuj\u00ed v\u00a0ulic\u00edch\u00a0s\u00a0alejemi a\u00a0byty se l\u00e9pe pronaj\u00edmaj\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed,\u00a0kde je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed strom\u016f v\u00a0okol\u00ed. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee\u00a0p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 % spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\r\n

Bez p\u00e9\u010de nevydr\u017e\u00ed<\/strong>
\r\nI\u00a0proto se ve m\u011bstech v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech s\u00e1z\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m. St\u00e1t na v\u00fdsadbu nab\u00edz\u00ed dotace a\u00a0z\u00a0nich podporuje i\u00a0\u00fadr\u017ebu rostlin. D\u0159evin ve m\u011bstech tak p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1, ale bez p\u00e9\u010de arborist\u016f n\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou slu\u017ebu neposkytnou. Pro stromy v\u00a0uli\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby m\u011bly dostatek vzduchu a\u00a0vody. Tak\u00e9 je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, kde strom roste\u00a0\u2013 je-li vysazen do vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 nebo vybetonovan\u00e9 j\u00e1my, je to pro n\u011bj mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fajma ne\u017e nedostatek \u017eivin.<\/p>\r\n

Magistr\u00e1t metropole dokonce vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 standardy, jak m\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o\u00a0stromy vypadat. Standard pro stromo\u0159ad\u00ed<\/a> vznikl v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na Adapta\u010dn\u00ed strategii hl. m. Prahy na klimatickou zm\u011bnu a\u00a0definuje, jak se starat o\u00a0stromy v\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00fdch ulic\u00edch, popisuje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby jejich v\u00fdsadby i\u00a0jejich konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Zakrn\u011bl\u00e9 stromy
\r\n<\/strong>IPR m\u00e1 k\u00a0dispozici tak\u00e9 anal\u00fdzu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho stavu pra\u017esk\u00fdch stromo\u0159ad\u00ed, na jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b standard pro v\u00fdsadbu a\u00a0\u00fadr\u017ebu strom\u016f vznikl. Anal\u00fdza uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee velk\u00fd po\u010det d\u0159evin nen\u00ed v\u00a0dobr\u00e9m stavu, a\u00a0k\u00a0ochlazen\u00ed m\u011bsta tak nijak z\u00e1sadn\u011b nep\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed. Stromy se sice v\u00a0ulic\u00edch ujaly, ale nevyrostly a\u00a0rychle zest\u00e1rly, proto\u017ee k\u00a0r\u016fstu nem\u011bly dobr\u00e9 podm\u00ednky\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159itom jde o\u00a0jejich ko\u0159eny. Zakrn\u011bl\u00e9 stromy nemaj\u00ed velkou perspektivu ani ekologickou hodnotu \u010di ochlazovac\u00ed efekt, ale jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako zdrav\u00e9. A\u00a0skute\u010dn\u011b do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zdrav\u00e9 jsou, jen na nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky reagovaly tak, \u017ee nevyrostly. Je pak ot\u00e1zkou, jestli tyto zakrn\u011bl\u00e9 d\u0159eviny nahrazovat t\u011bmi vit\u00e1ln\u00edmi, co\u017e ve\u0159ejnost \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1 negativn\u011b.<\/p>\r\n

Vezmi r\u00fd\u010d, zasa\u010f strom<\/strong>
\r\nProblematika v\u00fdsadby nov\u00fdch strom\u016f nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1. Ve m\u011bstech se v\u00fdsadba prov\u00e1d\u00ed do takzvan\u00e9 v\u00fdsadbov\u00e9 j\u00e1my, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed m\u00edt pravideln\u00fd tvar, aby ko\u0159eny prorostly do st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho ter\u00e9nu. Aby se nov\u00fd strom ujal, pot\u0159ebuje nejen dostatek vody, ale tak\u00e9 mo\u017enost dostat ko\u0159eny do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho okol\u00ed. V\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti nov\u00e9ho stromu by se nem\u011bly nach\u00e1zet vodovody a\u00a0plynovody; ochrann\u00e9 p\u00e1smo stromu od t\u011bchto s\u00edt\u00ed je a\u017e p\u011bt metr\u016f. Mus\u00ed se rovn\u011b\u017e dohl\u00e9dnout na to, aby strom sv\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny nenaru\u0161il trubky v\u00a0podzem\u00ed, na povrchu zase aby kv\u016fli stromu nepopraskal chodn\u00edk nebo asfalt. Okolo s\u00edt\u00ed se proto \u010dasto umis\u0165uj\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry (nap\u0159. betonov\u00e9 objekty \u010di speci\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00f3lie) s\u00a0c\u00edlem chr\u00e1nit s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ed ko\u0159eny strom\u016f. Probl\u00e9m je v\u00a0tom, \u017ee bari\u00e9ry sahaj\u00ed v\u017edy jen do ur\u010dit\u00e9 hloubky, a\u00a0pokud strom pot\u0159ebuje z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup ke vzduchu a\u00a0vod\u011b, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0z\u00e1sypech s\u00edt\u00ed \u010dasto nach\u00e1z\u00ed, je schopn\u00fd sv\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky podej\u00edt. Proto se spr\u00e1vc\u016fm s\u00edt\u00ed v\u00fdsadba nebo obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed stromo\u0159ad\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti s\u00edt\u00ed obvykle nel\u00edb\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na povinnosti \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\r\n

Vysazen\u00e9 stromy d\u00e1le pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pravidelnou z\u00e1livku. V\u00a0dob\u011b letn\u00edho sucha je to t\u00fddn\u011b okolo 100 litr\u016f vody na men\u0161\u00ed strom, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed stromy pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed i\u00a0dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed. Doba v\u00fdsadby se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed zejm\u00e9na typem sazenice, nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou a\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010das\u00edm, ale obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdsadba prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00a0obdob\u00ed vegeta\u010dn\u00edho klidu. K\u00a0vysazen\u00e9mu stromu se \u010dasto ve\u00a0m\u011bstech krom\u011b nadzemn\u00edho k\u016flov\u00e9ho kotven\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako ochrana kovov\u00fd kmenov\u00fd ko\u0161 nebo ochrana proti parkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ro\u0161ty se instaluj\u00ed tam, kde je intenzivn\u00ed pohyb osob a\u00a0mohlo by doj\u00edt k\u00a0se\u0161lap\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy v\u00a0ko\u0159enov\u00e9m prostoru.<\/p>\r\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdsadb\u011b nov\u00e9ho, mlad\u00e9ho stromu p\u0159itom nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jestli se v\u00a0ulici dan\u00fd druh v\u016fbec uchyt\u00ed. Vlivem nevhodn\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch podm\u00ednek m\u016f\u017ee strom odum\u0159\u00edt klidn\u011b a\u017e za n\u011bkolik let. Aby m\u011bl nov\u00fd kus v\u00a0ulici trvale dobr\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, vyjde jeho v\u00fdsadba na n\u011bkolik set tis\u00edc korun. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f z\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9ho magistr\u00e1tu se celkov\u00e1 cena m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech vy\u0161plhat a\u017e na 400 tis\u00edc korun. Do ceny jsou zahrnuty p\u0159elo\u017eky s\u00edt\u00ed, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsta pro ko\u0159eny a\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u00e1 velikost stromu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 obvod kmene alespo\u0148 25\u201330 cm.<\/p>\r\n

Ne\u017e mlad\u00fd strom doroste do sv\u00e9 pln\u00e9 velikosti, trv\u00e1 to i\u00a0n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na druhu a\u00a0p\u011bstebn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch dan\u00e9ho m\u00edsta. Jakou hodnotu maj\u00ed dnes n\u011bkolik set let star\u00e9 stromy, se d\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e zjistit v\u00a0on-line kalkula\u010dce Agentury ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a\u00a0krajiny \u010cR, kterou naleznete na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Ocenovanidrevin.nature.cz<\/a>. Hodnotu stromu si m\u016f\u017ee zkusit spo\u010d\u00edtat ka\u017ed\u00fd\u00a0\u2013 j\u00edrovec ma\u010fal ve vnitrobloku u\u00a0domu, kde bydl\u00edm, m\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ku necel\u00fdch 30 metr\u016f, obvod kmene odhadem 180 cm a\u00a0je v\u00a0dobr\u00e9m stavu. Vy\u010d\u00edsleno pen\u011bzi je jeho hodnota kolem 900 tis\u00edc korun.
\r\n
\r\n<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n


\r\nStrom budoucnosti<\/strong>
\r\nMnoh\u00e9 druhy strom\u016f tradi\u010dn\u011b vysazovan\u00e9 ve m\u011bstech se dnes jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se klimatick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Obl\u00edben\u00e9 l\u00edpy, ka\u0161tany, duby a\u00a0javory pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pro sv\u016fj r\u016fst chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0vlh\u010d\u00ed klima. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech v\u0161ak lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat prav\u00fd opak. Biologov\u00e9 a\u00a0krajin\u00e1\u0159\u0161t\u00ed architekti proto doporu\u010duj\u00ed v\u00fdsadbu\u00a0strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b vody a\u00a0l\u00e9pe dovedou obst\u00e1t v\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edm parnu. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm pro m\u011bsta ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b by mohly b\u00fdt druhy z\u00a0ji\u017en\u00edch a\u00a0su\u0161\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed. Slibn\u011b se v\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti jev\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jinan dvoulalo\u010dn\u00fd, jerl\u00edn japonsk\u00fd, l\u00edpa st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 (poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy a\u00a0je m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 ne\u017e l\u00edpa malolist\u00e1), liliovn\u00edk tulip\u00e1nokv\u011bt\u00fd, ambron\u011b nebo asijsk\u00e9 sakury. Do m\u011bst se hod\u00ed tak\u00e9 javor babyka nebo svitel latnat\u00fd.<\/p>\r\n

Je nutn\u00e9 br\u00e1t rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0potaz, aby sortiment strom\u016f byl ve m\u011bst\u011b dostate\u010dn\u011b pestr\u00fd jak druhov\u011b, tak geneticky. M\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fd z\u00a0preferovan\u00fdch druh\u016f zas\u00e1hne nemoc, kter\u00e1 se d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na v\u0161echny stromy ve m\u011bst\u011b, nebo se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee druh, jen\u017e vypadal jako perspektivn\u00ed, v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vlastn\u011b moc odoln\u00fd nen\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n

M\u016fj d\u016fm, m\u016fj hrad<\/strong>
\r\nBylo by nabub\u0159el\u00e9 myslet si, \u017ee u\u017eitek ze\u00a0strom\u016f rostouc\u00edch v\u00a0ulic\u00edch a\u00a0parc\u00edch m\u00e1 pouze \u010dlov\u011bk. Stromy poskytuj\u00ed \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b nes\u010detn\u00fdm druh\u016fm hmyzu, ale i\u00a0pt\u00e1k\u016fm a\u00a0jin\u00fdm drobn\u00fdm obratlovc\u016fm, sou\u010dasn\u011b jsou v\u0161ak i\u00a0zdrojem potravy v\u00a0dob\u011b kv\u011btu \u010di za potravu slou\u017e\u00ed jejich plody. Trochu paranoidn\u00ed situaci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 druhy hmyzu, pro jejich\u017e p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jsou nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stromy s\u00a0dutinami, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b proschl\u00e9 nebo dokonce mrtv\u00e9. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto stromy se v\u0161ak \u010dasto k\u00e1cej\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou s\u00a0poukazem na jejich \u201e\u0161patn\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed stav\u201c. P\u0159itom se zapom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy hmyzu se staly ohro\u017een\u00fdmi pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee nenal\u00e9zaj\u00ed stromy ve \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9m zdravotn\u00edm stavu\u201c, v\u00a0nich\u017e se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed jejich larvy.<\/p>\r\n

\u00dam\u011bra \u201enov\u00fd je lep\u0161\u00ed\u201c v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neplat\u00ed. Chr\u00e1n\u011bna jsou v\u0161echna v\u011bkov\u00e1 stadia strom\u016f. St\u00e1rnouc\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pravideln\u011b kontrolov\u00e1ny a\u00a0jejich zachov\u00e1n\u00ed se zva\u017euje i\u00a0s\u00a0v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee budou pot\u0159ebovat speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. Stromov\u00e9 dutiny jsou \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm \u0159ady druh\u016f \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, jako s\u00fdkorek, netop\u00fdr\u016f \u010di sov. K\u00a0\u00fakrytu je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i\u00a0n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed savci, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011bt\u0161ina druh\u016f plch\u016f nebo veverek. Proto t\u0159eba stromy navr\u017een\u00e9 k\u00a0pok\u00e1cen\u00ed ve Stromovce posuzuje mimo jin\u00e9 i\u00a0odborn\u00fd dohled\u00a0\u2013 ornitolog, chiropterolog, entomolog. Pokud tedy v\u00a0parku naleznete ponechan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti kmen\u016f ze star\u00fdch strom\u016f, v\u011bzte, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o\u00a0lenost m\u00edstn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, ale o\u00a0rozhodnut\u00ed biologick\u00fdch dohled\u016f a\u00a0org\u00e1n\u016f ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\r\n

Pozor, strom!<\/strong>
\r\nBezpe\u010dnost strom\u016f jejich vlastn\u00edci a\u00a0spr\u00e1vci \u0159e\u0161\u00ed na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b, p\u0159eci jen je jejich povinnost\u00ed p\u0159edej\u00edt po\u0161kozen\u00ed majetku a\u00a0zdrav\u00ed obyvatel. Stav stromu posuzuj\u00ed dendrologick\u00fdm pr\u016fzkumem, kter\u00fd zohled\u0148uje celkov\u00fd stav, zdrav\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj do budoucna. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i\u00a0speci\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie, jako je tomograf nebo tahov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky. Je-li strom nap\u0159\u00edklad uschl\u00fd, po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 spr\u00e1vce na z\u00e1klad\u011b posudku o\u00a0povolen\u00ed ke k\u00e1cen\u00ed dot\u010den\u00fd org\u00e1n st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, tedy nej\u010dast\u011bji odbor \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 obce.<\/p>\r\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem pro ochranu d\u0159evin rostouc\u00edch mimo les je z\u00e1kon
\r\n\u010d. 114\/1992 Sb., o\u00a0ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody a\u00a0krajiny. D\u0159evina rostouc\u00ed mimo les je definov\u00e1na jako \u201estrom \u010di ke\u0159 rostouc\u00ed jednotliv\u011b i\u00a0ve skupin\u00e1ch ve voln\u00e9 krajin\u011b i\u00a0v\u00a0s\u00eddeln\u00edch \u00fatvarech na pozemc\u00edch mimo lesn\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00ed fond\u201c. V\u0161echny d\u0159eviny jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm a\u00a0ni\u010den\u00edm. Povinnost\u00ed vlastn\u00edk\u016f d\u0159evin je jejich o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu n\u00e1kazy d\u0159evin epidemick\u00fdmi \u010di jin\u00fdmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi chorobami m\u016f\u017ee org\u00e1n ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody ud\u011blit vlastn\u00edk\u016fm pokyn k\u00a0proveden\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b k\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u0159evin. Ke k\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u0159evin mus\u00ed m\u00edt vlastn\u00edk pozemku (nebo n\u00e1jemce \u010di u\u017eivatel se souhlasem vlastn\u00edka pozemku) povolen\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Sedmi\u010dky jde o\u00a0povolen\u00ed Odboru \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Praha 7. M\u00e1te ve vnitrobloku n\u00e1letovou d\u0159evinu a\u00a0chcete ji pok\u00e1cet? Jde to i\u00a0bez povolen\u00ed org\u00e1nu ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Kdy nemus\u00edte \u017e\u00e1dost pod\u00e1vat, se dozv\u00edte v\u00a0samostatn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti textu.
\r\n
\r\n<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/a>
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n<\/p>\r\n

Jak se Praha zelen\u00e1?<\/strong>
\r\nIndex HUGSI (Husqvarna Urban Green Space Index), kter\u00fd mapuje m\u011bstskou vegetaci a\u00a0zele\u0148 m\u011bst nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kontinenty, zmonitoroval tak\u00e9 \u010deskou metropoli. Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch dat prezentovan\u00fdch na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Hugsi.green<\/a> si hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto \u010ceska stoj\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e. Obsadilo 14. p\u0159\u00ed\u010dku v\u00a0celosv\u011btov\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9m je na tom o\u00a0t\u0159i m\u00edsta l\u00e9pe. Praha tak pat\u0159\u00ed mezi m\u011bsta s\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem park\u016f, les\u016f a\u00a0travnat\u00fdch ploch. Podle indexu pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 zele\u0148 zhruba 57 procent celkov\u00e9 plochy hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta. Je to sou\u010det zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed 28 procent, a\u00a0ploch travnat\u00fdch, je\u017e zab\u00edraj\u00ed 27 procent rozlohy Prahy.<\/p>\r\n

I\u00a0kdy\u017e dnes u\u017e strom v\u011bt\u0161inou nen\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako estetick\u00fd dopln\u011bk, kter\u00fd se vysad\u00ed, a\u017e kdy\u017e na n\u011bj zbude m\u00edsto a\u00a0pen\u00edze, je t\u0159eba si p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, jak u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho spojence v\u00a0n\u011bm jako lidstvo m\u00e1me. Praha se v\u00a0roce 2018 zav\u00e1zala, \u017ee b\u011bhem osmi let na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed vysad\u00ed milion nov\u00fdch strom\u016f. Za t\u0159i roky se jich poda\u0159ilo vys\u00e1zet p\u0159ed 400 tis\u00edc, co\u017e je jist\u011b velmi dobr\u00fd v\u00fdsledek. Na druhou stranu je t\u0159eba podotknout, \u017ee nejv\u00edce z\u00a0nich p\u0159ibylo v\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch oblastech, les\u00edch nebo parc\u00edch. Aby mohl strom p\u0159isp\u011bt ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed klimatu ve m\u011bst\u011b, mus\u00ed v\u0161ak st\u00e1t v\u00a0ulici obklopen\u00e9 z\u00e1stavbou. Zde ov\u0161em po\u010dty nov\u00fdch strom\u016f rostou prozat\u00edm pomalu.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

K\u00c1CET? POZOR!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Ke k\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u0159evin mus\u00ed m\u00edt vlastn\u00edk pozemku (nebo n\u00e1jemci \u010di u\u017eivatel se souhlasem vlastn\u00edka pozemku) povolen\u00ed org\u00e1nu ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody. Pokud d\u0159eviny nejsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho krajinn\u00e9ho prvku nebo stromo\u0159ad\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dost nemus\u00edte pod\u00e1vat, kdy\u017e chcete k\u00e1cet:<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n\t
  • d\u0159eviny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed obvod kmene men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 80 cm (m\u011b\u0159eno ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 130 cm nad zem\u00ed)<\/li>\r\n\t
  • souvisl\u00e9 ke\u0159ov\u00e9 porosty do celkov\u00e9 plochy 40 m2<\/li>\r\n\t
  • ovocn\u00e9 d\u0159eviny rostouc\u00ed na pozemc\u00edch v\u00a0zastav\u011bn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed evidovan\u00fdch v\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed jako druh pozemku zahrada nebo zastav\u011bn\u00e1 plocha a\u00a0n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edp. ostatn\u00ed plocha se zp\u016fsobem vyu\u017eit\u00ed pozemku jako zele\u0148<\/li>\r\n\t
  • z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f p\u011bstebn\u00edch, kv\u016fli obnov\u011b porost\u016f nebo v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 prob\u00edrce porost\u016f a\u00a0z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f zdravotn\u00edch nebo p\u0159i \u00fakonech dle zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f<\/li>\r\n\t
  • d\u0159eviny v\u00a0takov\u00e9m stavu, \u017ee z\u0159ejm\u011b bezprost\u0159edn\u011b ohro\u017euj\u00ed \u017eivot \u010di zdrav\u00ed obyvatel nebo mohou zp\u016fsobit \u0161kodu zna\u010dn\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
    \r\n

    \u00a0ZELEN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd TR\u017dNICE<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    Are\u00e1l Pra\u017esk\u00e9 tr\u017enice se do budoucna do\u010dk\u00e1 300 a\u017e 400 nov\u00fdch strom\u016f a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed zelen\u011b. P\u0159ibudou zelen\u00e9 aleje, park a\u00a0h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\r\n

    Stromy se budou d\u011blit do \u010dty\u0159 skupin podle typu a\u00a0tzv. rychlosti n\u00e1stupu tak, aby n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich vytvo\u0159ily k\u00fd\u017een\u00fd efekt co nejd\u0159\u00edve po v\u00fdsadb\u011b, jin\u00e9 naopak budou r\u016fst pomaleji, ale do budoucna vytvo\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00ed kostru zelen\u00e9ho p\u00e1su.<\/p>\r\n

    Skladba strom\u016f je navr\u017eena z\u00a0druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9mu klimatu a\u00a0jsou schopn\u00e9 odolat stresuj\u00edc\u00edm faktor\u016fm.<\/p>\r\n

    Navr\u017een\u00e9 spektrum strom\u016f, ke\u0159\u016f, travin a\u00a0trvalkov\u00fdch z\u00e1hon\u016f mj. vytvo\u0159\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro ptactvo a\u00a0hmyz, je\u017e jsou d\u016fle\u017eitou slo\u017ekou ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    DLOUHODOB\u00c9 TEPLOTN\u00cd PR\u016eM\u011aRY (STANICE KLEMENTINUM)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu<\/em><\/p>\r\n

    1961\u20131990 10,0 \u00b0C
    \r\n1991\u20132020 11,3 \u00b0C<\/p>\r\n

    Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota vzduchu v\u00a0lednu<\/em><\/p>\r\n

    1961\u20131990 -0,2 \u00b0C
    \r\n1991\u20132020 1,6 \u00b0C<\/p>\r\n

    Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota vzduchu v\u00a0\u010dervenci<\/em><\/p>\r\n

    1961\u20131990 19,7 \u00b0C
    \r\n1991\u20132020 21,5 \u00b0C<\/p>\r\n

    Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd \u00fahrn<\/em><\/p>\r\n

    1961\u20131990 470,3 mm
    \r\n1991\u20132020 453,9 mm<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex] Stromy ve m\u011bstech nemaj\u00ed zrovna na r\u016f\u017e\u00edch ustl\u00e1no. Mus\u00ed vzdorovat vandalismu, hektolitr\u016fm ps\u00ed i\u00a0lidsk\u00e9 mo\u010di, kou\u0159\u00edc\u00edm aut\u016fm a\u00a0v\u00a0zim\u011b se mus\u00ed vyrovnat se zasolov\u00e1n\u00edm chodn\u00edk\u016f i\u00a0vozovek. Vzhledem ke zt\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m se strom ve m\u011bst\u011b do\u017eije mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku ne\u017e jeho kolega v\u00a0lese. V\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme napo\u010d\u00edtat 100 a\u017e 200 letokruh\u016f, ve m\u011bstech bohu\u017eel daleko m\u00e9n\u011b. […]","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":60886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60884"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60884"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60894,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60884\/revisions\/60894"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/60886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}