\r\n<\/strong>B\u0159ezen\u00a02020. Vl\u00e1da rozhoduje o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch omezen\u00edch ve spojitosti s\u00a0nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm virem s\u00a0\u010d\u00edslem 19. Uzav\u00edraj\u00ed se \u0161koly, je zaveden z\u00e1kaz vych\u00e1zen\u00ed. D\u011bti jsou vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00a0kolektivu, jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezeny, zesiluj\u00ed pocity osam\u011blosti. Nemaj\u00ed mo\u017enost smyslupln\u011b tr\u00e1vit voln\u00fd \u010das. Nov\u00fd virus p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed strach o\u00a0sebe i\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9. Situace je nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1, distan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fduka vede k\u00a0hodin\u00e1m str\u00e1ven\u00fdm p\u0159ed obrazovkami po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu nekone\u010dn\u00e9mu vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f. Nedostatek pozitivn\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f, rutina a\u00a0\u0161ediv\u00e9 dny, to v\u0161e se podepisuje na zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se v\u00fdskytu du\u0161evn\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed\u00a0u\u00a0d\u011bt\u00ed i\u00a0p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9m dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n
Duben\u00a02021. N\u00e1vrat do \u0161kol. V\u00a0ostr\u00e9m jarn\u00edm slunci se ukazuj\u00ed nedostatky online v\u00fduky. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch se p\u00ed\u0161e jedna p\u00edsemka za druhou. Jinde se u\u010ditel\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed o\u00a0voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tempo, ale tlak mnoh\u00fdch rodi\u010d\u016f na v\u00fdkon, zn\u00e1mky a\u00a0\u00fasp\u011bch u\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edch zkou\u0161ek je ne\u00faprosn\u00fd. Pandemie je\u0161t\u011b zes\u00edlila nerovnosti ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eZat\u00edmco zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci s\u00a0dobr\u00fdm soci\u00e1ln\u011b-ekonomicko-technick\u00fdm z\u00e1zem\u00edm se u\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0distan\u010dn\u00edm re\u017eimu d\u00e1l, pouze pomalej\u0161\u00edm tempem, znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci naopak za\u010dnou ztr\u00e1cet i\u00a0to, co se ji\u017e nau\u010dili.\u00a0V\u00a0budoucnosti se tak prohloub\u00ed ji\u017e tak vysok\u00e9 vzd\u011blanostn\u00ed rozd\u00edly,\u201c popisuje Lucie Zapletalov\u00e1, spoluautorka studie V\u00fdluka prezen\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fduky b\u011bhem pandemie covid-19. Odborn\u00edci hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0tom, \u017ee distan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fduka v\u00a0optimistick\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nahradila v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 50 % v\u00fduky prezen\u010dn\u00ed. Ztr\u00e1ty na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed se za\u010dnou projevovat ve form\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 produktivity, v\u00fdd\u011blk\u016f a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch rozpo\u010dt\u016f a\u017e v\u00a0horizontu budouc\u00edch dek\u00e1d. A\u00a0to je jen jedno\u00a0\u2013 ekonomick\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 hledisko. Jak\u00e9 jsou ztr\u00e1ty socializa\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0psychick\u00e9?<\/p>\r\n
\u00danor\u00a02022. Rusko \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na Ukrajinu. Jen p\u00e1r set kilometr\u016f od na\u0161ich hranic zu\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1lka, kterou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat prakticky v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m p\u0159enosu. Zat\u00edmco rodi\u010de hledaj\u00ed nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed protiatomov\u00e9 kryty v\u00a0okol\u00ed\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a\u00a0zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee je jich zoufale m\u00e1lo\u00a0\u2013 na d\u011bti se val\u00ed spousta informac\u00ed, do t\u0159\u00eddy p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed nov\u00ed spolu\u017e\u00e1ci. Pocity bezmoci, strach, vztek, to rozhodn\u011b nejsou ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 emoce. Posledn\u00ed dva roky nejsou pro nikoho lehk\u00e9, a\u00a0pro d\u011bti a\u00a0mladistv\u00e9 obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. Jak jim pomoci?<\/p>\r\n
Do \u0161koly s\u00a0radost\u00ed Kde se stane chyba? \u201eN\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti nedok\u00e1\u017eo \u010delit n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti v\u00fduky, obs\u00e1hnout u\u010divo a\u00a0st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se diskvalifikovan\u00fdmi v\u00a0konkurenci ostatn\u00edch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. D\u016fvodem m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 naru\u0161en\u00e9 vztahy socializace,\u201c p\u0159ibli\u017euje Miloslav \u010ced\u00edk. Souvislost m\u016f\u017eeme hledat s\u00a0m\u00edrou wellbeingu\u00a0 i\u00a0s\u00a0nekorektn\u00edmi vztahy ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k\u00a0\u0161ikan\u011b, tedy agresivn\u00edmu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, proti kter\u00e9mu je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 se ubr\u00e1nit a\u00a0obvykle se opakuje. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se z\u00e1m\u011brem vyvolat v\u00a0druh\u00e9m nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pocity (strach, smutek, nejistotu, pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed), po\u0161kodit jeho vztahy s\u00a0vrstevn\u00edky (odrazen\u00edm potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch kamar\u00e1d\u016f) \u010di fyzicky po\u0161kodit jeho samotn\u00e9ho a\u00a0jeho majetek (\u0161koln\u00ed pom\u016fcky, mobil).<\/p>\r\n Co je to wellbeing?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \u2013 soubor mnoha jev\u016f a\u00a0\u010dinitel\u016f, kter\u00e9 a\u00a0kte\u0159\u00ed mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0tomu, aby se \u017e\u00e1ci i\u00a0pedagogov\u00e9 c\u00edtili dob\u0159e, aby bylo vytvo\u0159eno pozitivn\u00ed klima \u0161koly i\u00a0t\u0159\u00eddy<\/p>\r\n \u2013 kvalita zalo\u017een\u00e1 na pocitu osobn\u00ed pohody, pocitu bezpe\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0pozitivn\u00edch emoc\u00edch, kter\u00e1 se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 nejen d\u011bt\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, student\u016f \u0161kol a\u00a0akt\u00e9r\u016f vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiky, ale i\u00a0cel\u00e9 rodiny, je\u017e je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu<\/p>\r\n \u2013 stav, kdy jsou v\u0161ichni u\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0pohod\u011b a\u00a0mohou se pln\u011b v\u011bnovat u\u010den\u00ed. Ve \u0161kole to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee u\u010ditel\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0pohod\u011b a\u00a0mohou svou energii v\u011bnovat \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm a\u00a0procesu u\u010den\u00ed a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1ci se c\u00edt\u00ed dob\u0159e, za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed radost z\u00a0u\u010den\u00ed a\u00a0mohou se u\u010dit.<\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n Jak wellbeing ve \u0161kole podpo\u0159it?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \u2013 individualizace v\u00fduky (pl\u00e1ny pedagogick\u00e9 podpory, individu\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed pl\u00e1ny)<\/p>\r\n \u2013 projektov\u00e1 v\u00fduka<\/p>\r\n \u2013 opat\u0159en\u00ed na podporu inkluzivn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nerovnost\u00ed (nap\u0159. asistenti pedagoga)<\/p>\r\n \u2013 participace d\u011bt\u00ed a\u00a0jejich aktivn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed do vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu<\/p>\r\n \u2013 mo\u017enost slovn\u00edho a\u00a0formativn\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed a\u00a0voliteln\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f<\/p>\r\n \u2013 dobr\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0rodi\u010di, zapojen\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f do \u017eivota \u0161koly<\/p>\r\n \u2013 komunitn\u00ed p\u0159esah\u00a0\u2013 propojen\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0neform\u00e1ln\u00edmi iniciativami, komunitou, obc\u00ed a\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00edm, kde d\u00edt\u011b \u017eije<\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n Co naopak wellbeing nepodporuje?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \u2013 velk\u00e9 a\u00a0nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ek a\u00a0odborn\u00fdch dokument\u016f, velk\u00e1 zahlcenost pedagog\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto nemaj\u00ed \u010das na p\u00e9\u010di o\u00a0wellbeing sv\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, nato\u017e sv\u016fj<\/p>\r\n \u2013 n\u00edzk\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed o\u00a0du\u0161evn\u00edm zdrav\u00ed<\/p>\r\n \u2013 nepevn\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed psycholog\u016f a\u00a0jin\u00fdch podp\u016frn\u00fdch profes\u00ed<\/p>\r\n \u2013 \u0161patn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0chybou<\/p>\r\n \u2013 motivace zn\u00e1mkami a\u00a0podpora sout\u011b\u017eiv\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed s\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ky to bav\u00ed<\/p>\r\n \u2013 testov\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bti a\u00a0\u0161koly na dobr\u00e9 a\u00a0\u0161patn\u00e9<\/p>\r\n Z\u00a0v\u00fdstup\u016f z\u00a0pracovn\u00edch skupin a\u00a0dotazn\u00edkov\u00e9ho \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed mezi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky 11. setk\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00eddr\u016f iniciativy \u00dasp\u011bch pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka, z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u00a02020<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n Hlavn\u00edm krit\u00e9riem \u0161ikanov\u00e1n\u00ed je nerovnov\u00e1ha sil mezi agresorem a\u00a0t\u00edm, kdo je ter\u010dem agrese. \u201ePrakticky to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u0161ikanuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00e1 p\u0159evahu a\u00a0pro \u0161ikanovan\u00e9ho je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 \u010di nemo\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b se br\u00e1nit. P\u0159evahu neposuzujeme z\u00a0pohledu t\u0159et\u00ed osoby, ale z\u00a0perspektivy \u017e\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd je \u0161ikanov\u00e1n. Nerovnov\u00e1ha sil m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edvat v\u00a0tom, \u017ee \u0161ikanuj\u00edc\u00ed je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo fyzicky \u0161ikovn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u0160ikanuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed \u010di \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve \u0161kole. Nejde jen o\u00a0samotnou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed fyzickou zdatnost a\u00a0dovednosti, ale i\u00a0o\u00a0to, \u017ee jsou tyto vlastnosti mezi vrstevn\u00edky oce\u0148ov\u00e1ny. \u0160ikanuj\u00edc\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u011bkdy m\u00edv\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed vztahy s\u00a0u\u010diteli, lep\u0161\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0pen\u011bz\u016fm, informac\u00edm nebo dal\u0161\u00edm zdroj\u016fm,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed Lenka Kollerov\u00e1, Anna Posp\u00ed\u0161ilov\u00e1 a\u00a0Pavl\u00edna Jano\u0161ov\u00e1 z\u00a0Psychologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR.<\/p>\r\n Ter\u010dem \u0161ikany se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedinci odm\u00edtan\u00ed spolu\u017e\u00e1ky, d\u011bti \u00fazkostn\u00e9, \u017e\u00e1ci se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami \u010di d\u011bti ze znev\u00fdhod\u0148ovan\u00fdch skupin, jako jsou etnick\u00e9 a\u00a0sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed minority. Opakovanost nen\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdm krit\u00e9riem \u0161ikanov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jednor\u00e1zov\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed fyzick\u00e1 agrese nebo zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho profilu na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti jsou tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u0161ikanu. Stejn\u011b tak je \u0161ikana, pokud je \u017e\u00e1k jeden t\u00fdden bit a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed t\u00fdden ho agresor slovn\u011b poni\u017euje. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1sledky tohoto chov\u00e1n\u00ed nesou p\u0159\u00edmo ob\u011bti \u0161ikany, ale opomenout nelze ani nedobrovoln\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n \u0160ikana se\u00a0v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e vyskytuje ve v\u0161ech \u0161kol\u00e1ch a\u00a0podle \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed PISA z\u00a0roku 2015 ji za\u017eil ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrt\u00fd patn\u00e1ctilet\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k. V\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch Organizace pro ekonomickou spolupr\u00e1ci a\u00a0rozvoj (OCED) je to 18,7 % patn\u00e1ctilet\u00fdch. \u201eTo, \u017ee \u0161ikana je v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161kole, nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 katastrofick\u00e1 informace. Pro n\u00e1s jako pro pedagogick\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky \u0161koly je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 b\u00fdt si v\u011bdomi toho, \u017ee tento fenom\u00e9n existuje,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jan Dobe\u0161, \u0161koln\u00ed psycholog ze Z\u0160 TGM na Ortenov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed. \u201eMy s\u00a0t\u00edm aktivn\u011b pracujeme a\u00a0od prvn\u00ed do dev\u00e1t\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy realizujeme pro \u0161koln\u00ed kolektivy preventivn\u00ed programy, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed a\u00a0rozv\u00edjej\u00ed zdravou atmosf\u00e9ru a\u00a0zdrav\u00e9 vrstevnick\u00e9 vztahy. N\u00e1sledn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme aplikovat\u00a0i\u00a0interven\u010dn\u00ed techniky, kter\u00e9 se u\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo t\u00fdkaj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situace v\u00a0dan\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0161koln\u00edho poradensk\u00e9ho pracovi\u0161t\u011b\u00a0\u2013 to znamen\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagog, metodik prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prevence, v\u00fdchovn\u00fd poradce a\u00a0\u0161koln\u00ed psycholog\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a\u00a0rychle p\u016fsob\u00edme na ty projevy chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohly v\u00e9st a\u017e k\u00a0\u0161ikan\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n Zlomov\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed okam\u017eiky Jakmile se kolektiv zm\u011bn\u00ed, n\u011bkdo odejde, n\u011bkdo p\u0159ijde, znovu se bojuje o\u00a0pozice. V\u00fdrazn\u00fdm okam\u017eikem b\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159echod z\u00a0prvn\u00edho na druh\u00fd stupe\u0148, odchod p\u0159irozen\u00fdch l\u00eddr\u016f na osmilet\u00e1 gymn\u00e1zia, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b\u00a0i\u00a0slou\u010den\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd. V\u00a0t\u011bchto situac\u00edch je vhodn\u00e1 preventivn\u00ed intervence \u0161koln\u00edho psychologa na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161est\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, aby v\u00a0nov\u00e9m kolektivu bylo op\u011bt nastaveno dobr\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n Jak z\u00a0toho ven<\/strong> A\u00a0odkud \u010derpaj\u00ed podporu u\u010ditel\u00e9? Sedmi\u010dka rozb\u00edh\u00e1 ojedin\u011bl\u00fd projekt supervize. Supervizor je extern\u00ed postava, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed emo\u010dn\u011b zasa\u017een\u00e1 d\u011bn\u00edm ve \u0161kole. Je nestrann\u00e1 a\u00a0poskytuje pedagog\u016fm v\u00a0ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed podporu. \u201eV\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u0161kolstv\u00ed supervize povinn\u00e9 nejsou, d\u011bj\u00ed se jenom tam, kde \u0159editel\u00e9 \u0161kol maj\u00ed jak\u00fdsi rozhled. Praha 7 je v\u00a0tomto ojedin\u011bl\u00e1, proto\u017ee nositelem my\u0161lenky pomoci, podp\u016frn\u00e9 slu\u017eby je rani\u010dn\u00ed odbor vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd je ochoten na podobn\u00e9 aktivity delegovat prost\u0159edky,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Miloslav \u010ced\u00edk, jen\u017e supervize sedmi\u010dkov\u00fdm \u0161kol\u00e1m poskytuje. Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou tedy je, \u017ee dnes existuje \u0159ada pomocn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f i\u00a0n\u00e1stroj\u016f s\u00a0hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem: aby va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b do \u0161koly chodilo r\u00e1do\u00a0a\u00a0\u0161kola pro n\u011bj byla bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm.<\/p>\r\n Strach a\u00a0obavy d\u011bt\u00ed ov\u0161em nemus\u00ed pramenit jen ze \u0161koln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. B\u00fdt rodi\u010d je velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 role, o\u00a0to v\u00edc bychom k\u00a0sob\u011b m\u011bli b\u00fdt up\u0159\u00edmn\u00ed. V\u011bnujeme se sv\u00fdm d\u011btem dostate\u010dn\u011b, nebo je pos\u00edl\u00e1me k\u00a0tablet\u016fm a\u00a0televizor\u016fm, kde se mohou setkat s\u00a0informacemi, kter\u00e9 pro jejich v\u011bk nejsou vhodn\u00e9 nebo pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed alespo\u0148 dovysv\u011btlit? Nen\u00ed rodi\u010d v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nemocn\u00fd? Nerozv\u00e1d\u00edte se? N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 situace se mohou odr\u00e1\u017eet ve \u0161patn\u00e9m sp\u00e1nku, agresivit\u011b v\u016f\u010di spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, ztr\u00e1t\u011b chuti k\u00a0j\u00eddlu, bolestech hlavy, nechuti chodit na krou\u017eky. Bu\u010fte trp\u011bliv\u00ed, d\u00edt\u011bti naslouchejte a\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pochybnost\u00ed se nebojte vyhledat odbornou pomoc. Rad\u011bji d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\r\n Rozhovor s\u00a0Mgr. Janem Dobe\u0161em, \u0161koln\u00edm psychologem Z\u0160 TGM na Ortenov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\r\n V\u00a0jak\u00e9m stavu jsou t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed kolektivy po dlouh\u00e9m obdob\u00ed distan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fduky? U\u017e jste \u0159e\u0161il n\u011bjakou situaci ve spojitosti s\u00a0v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b? Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee uprchlick\u00e1 krize bude dlouh\u00e1 a\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed pomoci bude pot\u0159eba hodn\u011b a\u00a0hodn\u011b dlouho. Jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s\u00a0my\u0161lenkami, \u017ee nepom\u00e1h\u00e1m dostate\u010dn\u011b, a\u0165 u\u017e z\u00a0pozice d\u00edt\u011bte, nebo dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho? Jak se nejl\u00e9pe se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed situac\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1dat? Vr\u00e1t\u00edme-li se do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho re\u017eimu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kol, jsou situace, p\u0159i nich\u017e by rodi\u010de m\u011bli zpozorn\u011bt? Jak k\u00a0tomuto p\u0159echodu mezi prvn\u00edm a\u00a0druh\u00fdm stupn\u011bm p\u0159istupujete? Kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b r\u00e1no bol\u00ed b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ko a\u00a0nechce j\u00edt do \u0161koly, co m\u00e1m d\u011blat?<\/strong> Projevy \u00fazkosti a\u00a0strachu podle v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011bte<\/a><\/p>\r\n Pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9\u00a0Linka prvn\u00ed psychick\u00e9 pomoci<\/strong>\u00a0116 123<\/p>\r\n Pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed strach o\u00a0d\u00edt\u011b\u00a0Linka pro rodinu a\u00a0\u0161kolu<\/strong>\u00a0116 000<\/p>\r\n Pro d\u011bti, ml\u00e1de\u017e a\u00a0studuj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0Linka bezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0116 111<\/p>\r\n Dal\u0161\u00ed informace:\u00a0opatruj.se<\/a>,\u00a0centrumlocika.cz<\/a><\/p>\r\n Poradna pro rodinu na Sedmi\u010dce<\/strong>\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrtek 14\u201316 hodin osobn\u011b v\u00a0budov\u011b radnice, 2. patro, 2.09, nebo od pond\u011bl\u00ed do p\u00e1tku, 9\u201317 hodin, na tel.\u00a0770 199 296<\/p>\r\n Pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed TIMSS 2019. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va. \u010cesk\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed inspekce, Praha 2020.<\/span><\/p>\r\n PISA 2015 Results (Volume III): Students\u2019 Well-Being. PISA, OECD Publishing, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e 2017.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Lenka Kollerov\u00e1, Anna Posp\u00ed\u0161ilov\u00e1, Pavl\u00edna Jano\u0161ov\u00e1. \u0160ikanov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161kol\u00e1ch. St\u0159edisko spole\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed AV \u010cR, Praha 2020.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Ole Jann, Daniel M\u00fcnich, Lucie Zapletalov\u00e1. V\u00fdluka prezen\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fduky b\u011bhem pandemie covid-19: odhad neviditeln\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t. N\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR, Praha 2021.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex] Jak\u00e9 je emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed rozpolo\u017een\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, jejich fyzick\u00e9 i\u00a0psychick\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed? Wellbeing, term\u00edn, kter\u00fdm se ozna\u010duje \u017eivotn\u00ed pohoda, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro efektivn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed a\u00a0zdrav\u00fd v\u00fdvoj d\u011bt\u00ed. Ov\u0161em ne v\u0161echny d\u011bti jsou vesel\u00e9, ne ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u011btstv\u00ed je promen\u00e1da od cukr\u00e1rny k\u00a0h\u0159i\u0161ti, ne v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b panuje kamar\u00e1dsk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra. Jak m\u016f\u017ee d\u011btem v\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch situac\u00edch pomoct \u0161kola a\u00a0rodina? Jak v\u010das […]","protected":false},"author":251,"featured_media":57066,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57667"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/251"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57667"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57673,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57667\/revisions\/57673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/57066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\r\n<\/strong>\u201eNa po\u010d\u00e1tku se d\u011bti v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b do \u0161koly t\u011b\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0rodi\u010de jsou v\u00a0pozitivn\u00edch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edch. Pro pedagogy je to obrovsk\u00e1 v\u00fdzva\u00a0\u2013 aby pro d\u011bti byla \u0161kola zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, aby setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se se spolu\u017e\u00e1ky, z\u00a0nich\u017e se mohou st\u00e1t i\u00a0kamar\u00e1di, bylo p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Miloslav \u010ced\u00edk, speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagog, psychoterapeut a\u00a0supervizor. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va\u00a0k\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed TIMSS 2019 uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eVztah \u010desk\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f ke \u0161kole nelze pova\u017eovat za dobr\u00fd, m\u00edra jejich soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti se \u0161kolou byla jedna z\u00a0nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch. \u017d\u00e1ci v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice chod\u00ed do \u0161koly nejm\u00e9n\u011b r\u00e1di v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0jejich vrstevn\u00edky z\u00a0ostatn\u00edch zem\u00ed EU.\u201c<\/p>\r\n
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\r\n<\/strong>Projevy psychick\u00e9 nepohody se v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9m v\u011bku projevuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b. P\u0159ipad\u00e1 v\u00e1m, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b v\u00edce \u201ezlob\u00ed\u201c? M\u016f\u017ee za t\u00edm st\u00e1t \u00fazkost a\u00a0strach. Ze \u0161koly, z\u00a0nov\u00e9ho spolu\u017e\u00e1ka,\u00a0z\u00a0odchodu kamar\u00e1da ze t\u0159\u00eddy na jinou \u0161kolu. \u201eKa\u017ed\u00e1 zm\u011bna v\u00a0kolektivu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159eskupen\u00ed rol\u00ed. K\u00a0jednomu z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu jevu doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00e1stupu d\u00edt\u011bte do \u0161koly. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b si ve skupin\u011b, kter\u00e9\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1me t\u0159\u00edda, mus\u00ed vybudovat sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina vygeneruje sv\u00e9ho l\u00eddra, ale taky sv\u00e9ho outsidera. Nen\u00ed to pejorativn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed, ale p\u0159irozen\u00fd model,\u201c popisuje Miloslav \u010ced\u00edk a\u00a0dopl\u0148uje: \u201eJe ov\u0161em d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby v\u00fdchova, doprov\u00e1zen\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed bylo v\u00a0souladu, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0ubli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch rol\u00edch byla prostupnost, p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, spolupr\u00e1ce a\u00a0vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 tolerance.\u201c<\/p>\r\n
\r\n\u201eD\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby rodi\u010de m\u011bli dobr\u00fd vztah se sv\u00fdmi d\u011btmi a\u00a0d\u011bti m\u011bly k\u00a0rodi\u010d\u016fm d\u016fv\u011bru. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee rodi\u010d se v\u010das dozv\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bco nen\u00ed v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku. A\u00a0pokud m\u00e1 rodi\u010d pocit, \u017ee se d\u011bje n\u011bco nedobr\u00e9ho, je t\u0159eba kontaktovat t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho u\u010ditele. Rodi\u010de \u010dasto t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed u\u010ditele obch\u00e1zej\u00ed a\u00a0jdou rovnou za \u0159editelem, ale \u0159editel v\u016fbec nem\u00e1 pon\u011bt\u00ed o\u00a0dynamice ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b,\u201c podot\u00fdk\u00e1 Miloslav \u010ced\u00edk. \u201eUr\u010dit\u011b v\u0161echno, co souvis\u00ed se \u0161kolou, by se do \u0161koly m\u011blo vr\u00e1tit\u00a0a\u00a0m\u011blo by b\u00fdt prob\u00edr\u00e1no. Jakmile d\u00edt\u011b vykazuje n\u011bjak\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky nepohody, tak bychom to m\u011bli coby rodi\u010de sv\u011b\u0159ovat pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edmu u\u010diteli a\u00a0hledat c\u00edl, jak to napravit,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1. T\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed u\u010ditel se n\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na povaze situace obrac\u00ed na \u0161koln\u00edho psychologa, metodika prevence nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00edho pedagoga.<\/p>\r\n
\r\nAby \u0161kola nab\u00eddla bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n
\r\n<\/strong>D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee velk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina \u017e\u00e1k\u016f prvn\u00edho i\u00a0druh\u00e9ho stupn\u011b se do prezen\u010dn\u00ed formy v\u00fduky vr\u00e1tila v\u00a0docela dobr\u00e9, zdrav\u00e9 kondici a\u00a0s\u00a0docela velk\u00fdm el\u00e1nem a\u00a0motivac\u00ed. N\u00e1vrat oslavili a\u00a0byli r\u00e1di, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017eou v\u00eddat se sv\u00fdmi u\u010diteli a\u00a0se sv\u00fdmi spolu\u017e\u00e1ky a\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017ee maj\u00ed mo\u017enost znovu za\u017e\u00edvat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, emo\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0vztahovou bl\u00edzkost.<\/p>\r\n
\r\n<\/strong>Zat\u00edm se na n\u00e1s obracely n\u011bkter\u00e9 maminky, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, ale nyn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161ily obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 situace nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchodem p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch z\u00a0ohro\u017een\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n
\r\n<\/strong>Na\u0161e pomoc m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt r\u016fznou formu, a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na je-li adresn\u011b nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1, a\u0165 u\u017e k\u00a0d\u011btem, nebo k\u00a0dosp\u011bl\u00fdm, je velice u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1. Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s mus\u00ed poskytovat finan\u010dn\u00ed dary, ne ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dobrovoln\u00edk v\u00a0uprchlick\u00fdch centrech, ne ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee ubytovat uprchl\u00edky doma. Velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je b\u00fdt s\u00a0nimi v\u00a0kontaktu, projevit z\u00e1jem, dopt\u00e1vat se, co konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Vy\u017e\u00e1dan\u00e1 pomoc je mnohdy nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejlep\u0161\u00ed. B\u00fdt s\u00a0n\u011bk\u00fdm, n\u011bkoho rozveselit, informovat ho o\u00a0n\u011b\u010dem, co mu m\u016f\u017ee pomoct usnadnit \u017eivot v\u00a0\u010cesku\u00a0\u2013 takov\u00e1 pomoc je v\u00a0danou chv\u00edli naprosto nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed smysl.<\/p>\r\n
\r\n<\/strong>R\u00e1d bych zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 odpo\u010d\u00edvat a\u00a0tro\u0161ku se \u0161et\u0159it. Pro\u017eili jsme velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 obdob\u00ed pandemie covidu, pro\u0161li jsme velmi rozmanitou distan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdukou. A\u00a0z\u00a0pandemie jsme se kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b dostali do situace bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho existenci\u00e1ln\u00edho ohro\u017een\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd konflikt je jedna z\u00a0nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme za\u017e\u00edt. Ano, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se ve \u0161kole u\u010dit a\u00a0n\u011bco si z\u00a0v\u00fduky odn\u00e9st. Ale aktu\u00e1ln\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby \u0161kola nab\u00eddla bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. A\u00a0abychom um\u011bli zach\u00e1zet se sv\u00fdmi silami, um\u011bli se podpo\u0159it a\u00a0pom\u00e1hat si.<\/p>\r\n
\r\n<\/strong>Pro \u017e\u00e1ky je v\u00a0obdob\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly n\u011bkolik tranzitn\u00edch bod\u016f. Ten z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je v\u016fbec vstup do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Cel\u00e1 prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda je formuj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0a\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka a\u00a0st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed je, aby m\u011bl mo\u017enost za\u017e\u00edt a\u00a0do dal\u0161\u00edch let si odn\u00e9st z\u00e1\u017eitek, \u017ee \u0161kola je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro jeho rozvoj a\u00a0vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, u\u010den\u00ed. Dozajista d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je p\u0159echod mezi prvn\u00edm a\u00a0druh\u00fdm stupn\u011bm. \u017d\u00e1ci maj\u00ed najednou v\u00edce vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 jin\u00fd rytmus v\u00fduky, je to nov\u00e1 zku\u0161enost i\u00a0pro rodi\u010de. D\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech v\u0161echno zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 samo, v\u00a0jin\u00fdch pot\u0159ebuje pomoct.<\/p>\r\n
\r\n<\/strong>B\u011bhem standardn\u00ed prezen\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fduky aktivn\u011b p\u0159ipravujeme ji\u017e p\u00e1t\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00edky. A\u00a0u\u017e n\u011bkolik let m\u00e1me velmi dobrou zku\u0161enost s\u00a0adapta\u010dn\u00edm programem na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161est\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy. \u017d\u00e1ci maj\u00ed mo\u017enost se znovu sezn\u00e1mit, proto\u017ee mnohdy se skupina prom\u011bn\u00ed kv\u016fli odchodu n\u011bkolika \u017e\u00e1k\u016f na v\u00edcelet\u00e1 gymn\u00e1zia.<\/p>\r\n
\r\nP\u0159irozen\u00e1 prvn\u00ed instance je rozhodn\u011b t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed u\u010ditel. To je osoba, kter\u00e1 je ve \u0161kole nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed jak sv\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, tak rodi\u010d\u016fm. U\u00a0n\u00e1s ve \u0161kole cel\u00fd mechanismus pomoci funguje tak, \u017ee rodi\u010d kontaktuje t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho u\u010ditele. T\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed podle druhu situace se speci\u00e1ln\u00edm pedagogem a\u00a0\u0161koln\u00edm psychologem. Jedn\u00e1-li se o\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 psychosomatick\u00e9 projevy, nap\u0159\u00edklad bolest b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ka, tak v\u011bt\u0161inou nab\u00edz\u00edm konzultace ve slo\u017een\u00ed j\u00e1\u2013d\u00edt\u011b, j\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 d\u00edt\u011b a\u00a0rodi\u010d a\u00a0j\u00e1\u2013rodi\u010d. Sna\u017e\u00edme se naj\u00edt smyslupln\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, jak celou situaci pro \u017e\u00e1ka zlep\u0161it, aby se ve \u0161kole c\u00edtil dob\u0159e.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n
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\r\nNezlob\u00ed\u2026 maj\u00ed strach a\u00a0obavy<\/h4>\r\n
\r\nKrizov\u00e9 kontakty<\/h4>\r\n
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