{"id":4646,"date":"2017-07-28T16:14:58","date_gmt":"2017-07-28T14:14:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/praha7.cz\/?p=4646"},"modified":"2018-04-17T10:50:28","modified_gmt":"2018-04-17T08:50:28","slug":"basnikuv-most","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/basnikuv-most\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016fv most"},"content":{"rendered":"

Most pojmenovan\u00fd po velk\u00e9m \u010desk\u00e9m b\u00e1sn\u00edkovi, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 velkou \u010d\u00e1st \u017eivota str\u00e1vil pr\u00e1v\u011b u\u00a0n\u00e1s v\u00a0Praze 7, ale nebyl prvn\u00edm spojen\u00edm Hole\u0161ovic se zbytkem Prahy. Ji\u017e koncem \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 19. stolet\u00ed byl postaven visut\u00fd most Franti\u0161ka Josefa\u00a0I., kter\u00fd p\u0159eklenoval koryto \u0159eky\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde dnes stoj\u00ed most \u0160tef\u00e1nik\u016fv. Vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cechova mostu bylo spojeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s\u00a0procesem asanace Josefova (neboli \u201ep\u00e1t\u00e9 \u010dtvrti\u201c) a\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Star\u00e9ho i\u00a0Nov\u00e9ho M\u011bsta, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edhala na p\u0159elomu 19. a\u00a020. stolet\u00ed. Poloha mostu byla proto zvolena v\u00a0ose takzvan\u00e9 Asana\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy (dnes Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 ulice).<\/p>\r\n

Po str\u00e1nce konstruk\u010dn\u00ed se pr\u00e1ce na most\u011b ujal mostn\u00ed odbor stavebn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pod veden\u00edm Ing. Ji\u0159\u00edho Soukupa (1855\u20131938). Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 velk\u00fd pod\u00edl na technick\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mostu je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n mlad\u00e9mu in\u017een\u00fdrovi Franti\u0161ku Menclovi (1879\u20131960). Vzhledem k\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b mohutn\u00e9mu proudu Vltavy v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde byla stavba pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na, dostal budouc\u00ed most jen t\u0159i pil\u00ed\u0159e. Jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka byla stanovena na 16 metr\u016f (10 metr\u016f vozovka a\u00a0po 3 metrech chodn\u00edky na obou stran\u00e1ch), d\u00e9lka pouh\u00fdch 169 metr\u016f z\u00a0n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejkrat\u0161\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00fd most. Jako p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l bylo pou\u017eito \u017eelezo\u00a0\u2013 \u00e9ra betonov\u00fdch most\u016f m\u011bla teprve p\u0159ij\u00edt. Kv\u016fli n\u00edzk\u00e9 v\u00e1ze vybrali konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i pro dla\u017ebu na vozovku lehk\u00e9 australsk\u00e9 d\u0159evo jarrah. O\u00a0tom, jak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my tato volba p\u0159inesla v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b s\u00a0n\u00e1stupem modern\u00edch, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, se asi net\u0159eba d\u00e1le \u0161\u00ed\u0159it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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N\u00e1vrh pr\u016fkopu Letn\u00e9 od profesora Jana Kouly. Architekt se neb\u00e1l j\u00edt „s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed na trh“. V \u010dervnu 1907 p\u0159edstavil sv\u00e9 vize v hole\u0161ovick\u00e9 sokolovn\u011b na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sch\u016fzi, „na jej\u00edm\u017eto programu byla projedn\u00e1na ot\u00e1zka z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pr\u016fkopu pl\u00e1n\u00ed Letenskou“.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n

V\u00a0duchu secese
\r\n <\/strong>Zat\u00edmco na technick\u00e9 vyprojektov\u00e1n\u00ed mostu si \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci z\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9ho magistr\u00e1tu troufli, na architektonick\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed hledali odborn\u00edka tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc zven\u010d\u00ed. \u00dakolu se nakonec zhostil v\u0161estrann\u00fd um\u011blec a\u00a0profesor pra\u017esk\u00e9 techniky Jan Koula (1855\u20131919), kter\u00fd dal mostu tehdy velice modern\u00ed secesn\u00ed kab\u00e1t. Ke spolupr\u00e1ci si tak\u00e9 pozval dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 um\u011blce, kte\u0159\u00ed dostali na starost dodnes oce\u0148ovanou v\u00fdzdobu mostu. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou bronzov\u00e9 Viktorie um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na \u010dty\u0159ech vysok\u00fdch sloupech na obou stran\u00e1ch mostu. Jejich autorem byl akademick\u00fd socha\u0159 Anton\u00edn Popp (1850\u20131915). Plastiky stoj\u00ed na kamenn\u00fdch sloupech um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch betonov\u00fdch budek, kter\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u011b slou\u017eily pro vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mostn\u00e9ho. \u201eV\u00a0Praze poh\u0159\u00edchu zavedeno jest mostn\u00e9 jako\u017eto nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 osobn\u00ed da\u0148, a\u00a0to vyj\u00edmaje most Karl\u016fv (zdarma), vyb\u00edr\u00e1 se na v\u0161ech mostech 1 kr(ejcar) za osobu. Na \u017dof\u00ednsk\u00e9m ostrov\u011b v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b 2 kr., za povoz jednosp\u0159e\u017en\u00fd 5 kr., dvousp\u0159e\u017en\u00fd 10 kr.,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e Hynk\u016fv pr\u016fvodce po Praze z\u00a0roku 1891. Mostn\u00e9 se p\u0159estalo vyb\u00edrat v\u00a0roce 1925, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch pra\u017esk\u00fdch mostech (nap\u0159\u00edklad most Legi\u00ed) z\u016fstaly ale budky pro v\u00fdb\u011br\u010d\u00ed m\u00fdta dodnes.<\/p>\r\n

Na pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch po vod\u011b jsou \u0161estihlav\u00e9 hydry se znaky Prahy od socha\u0159e Lu\u010fka Wurzla, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b pak sv\u011btlono\u0161i s\u00a0pochodn\u011bmi od autor\u016f Ludv\u00edka Herzla a\u00a0Karla Opatrn\u00e9ho. Dal\u0161\u00ed kovov\u00e9 dekora\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti se poda\u0159ilo zachr\u00e1nit i\u00a0d\u00edky proz\u00edravosti zam\u011bstnanc\u016f m\u011bsta b\u011bhem obou sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00e1lek. Tehdy panoval enormn\u00ed tlak na vyu\u017eit\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch kov\u016f pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, proto byly nap\u0159\u00edklad bronzov\u00e9 v\u00e1zy ze z\u00e1bradl\u00ed mostu v\u00a0roce 1939 sejmuty a\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u011b ukryty.<\/p>\r\n

Projekt mostu byl schv\u00e1len pra\u017esk\u00fdm zastupitelstvem v\u00a0\u010dervnu 1905. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed porce stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed (pil\u00ed\u0159e a\u00a0op\u011bry) byla sv\u011b\u0159ena firm\u011b M\u00fcller a\u00a0Kapsa, \u017eelezn\u00e9 konstrukce pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f dodaly t\u0159i pra\u017esk\u00e9 most\u00e1rny. Ji\u017e v\u00a0dubnu 1907 byly pil\u00ed\u0159e dokon\u010deny, pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed takzvan\u00e9ho z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e9ho kamene se \u00fa\u010dastnil s\u00e1m c\u00edsa\u0159 Franti\u0161ek Josef\u00a0I. a\u00a0mostu po\u017eehnal i\u00a0kardin\u00e1l Lev Skrbensk\u00fd z\u00a0H\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b. Most byl slavnostn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1n ve\u0159ejnosti 6.\u00a0\u010dervna\u00a01908 a\u00a0byl pojmenov\u00e1n po obl\u00edben\u00e9m b\u00e1sn\u00edkovi Svatopluku \u010cechovi, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed jeho dokon\u010den\u00edm. O\u00a0tom, \u017ee volba n\u00e1zvu byla \u0161\u0165astn\u00e1, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed fakt, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch pra\u017esk\u00fdch most\u016f byl p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n jen jednou\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0obdob\u00ed protektor\u00e1tu se naz\u00fdval Mendel\u016fv.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Tunel vs. pr\u016fkop
\r\n <\/strong>Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd most byl tedy dokon\u010den, ale jeho v\u00fdznam pon\u011bkud zaost\u00e1val za o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm. Dle p\u016fvodn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f m\u011bl jeho p\u0159\u00ednos spo\u010d\u00edvat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na komunikaci \u010di propojen\u00ed Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta a\u00a0Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho hradu a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Prahy na opa\u010dn\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Vltavy. Na sam\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed vypsalo m\u011bsto sout\u011b\u017e na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed komunikace p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed letensk\u00fd kopec. V\u00a0roce 1901 zv\u00edt\u011bzil n\u00e1vrh architekta Richarda Klenka z\u00a0Vlastimilu, kter\u00fd navrhoval 250 metr\u016f dlouh\u00fd tunel v\u00a0ose budouc\u00edho mostu. Ve druh\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei zv\u00edt\u011bzili architekti Anton\u00edn Engel a\u00a0Josef \u0160ejna, kte\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0sv\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159ipojili i\u00a0regulaci cel\u00e9 Letn\u00e9 a\u00a0architektonick\u00fd n\u00e1vrh komplexu pra\u017esk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 univerzity na pl\u00e1ni. Celkov\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eily n\u00e1vrhy, jejich\u017e auto\u0159i volili jako nejlep\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed Letn\u00e9 pr\u016fkopem. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu dal\u0161\u00edch let se objevily i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0roce 1911 navrhl Pavel Jan\u00e1k tunel a\u00a0nad n\u00edm monument\u00e1ln\u00ed pomn\u00edk zakladatel\u016fm Sokola Miroslavu Tyr\u0161ovi a\u00a0Jind\u0159ichu F\u00fcgnerovi.<\/p>\r\n

V\u0161echny tyto n\u00e1vrhy ov\u0161em z\u016fstaly jen na pap\u00ed\u0159e, k\u00a0velk\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m tak do\u0161lo a\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Stavba Stalinova pomn\u00edku a\u00a0\u00fapravy s\u00a0n\u00ed spojen\u00e9, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm odkop\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti svahu, umo\u017enily roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vozovky, a\u00a0tedy i\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jej\u00ed kapacity a\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eitosti z\u00a0hlediska dopravy. V\u00fdstavba nedalek\u00e9ho Letensk\u00e9ho tunelu tak\u00e9 vy\u0159e\u0161ila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u016flstolet\u00ed star\u00fd probl\u00e9m s\u00a0p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00edm letensk\u00e9ho svahu. Bylo rozhodnuto vyu\u017e\u00edt lev\u00e9 krajn\u00ed podp\u011bry mostu k\u00a0vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fjezdn\u00e9 komunikace\u00a0\u2013 podjezdu. V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti bylo t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st \u0159adu \u00faprav\u00a0\u2013 odstranit podzemn\u00ed m\u00edstnost v\u00a0mostn\u00ed op\u011b\u0159e (dle p\u016fvodn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f zde m\u011bla fungovat kav\u00e1rna v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na pr\u016fkop Letn\u00e9), odstranit k\u00a0n\u00ed vedouc\u00ed schodi\u0161t\u011b nebo m\u00edrn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it vy\u00fast\u011bn\u00ed mostu. Skute\u010dn\u00fdm o\u0159\u00ed\u0161kem se ov\u0161em stala nutnost p\u0159esunut\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo u\u00a0mostu stoj\u00edc\u00ed kaple sv. Ma\u0159\u00ed Magdal\u00e9ny. Barokn\u00ed stavba z\u00a0roku 1635 p\u016fvodn\u011b t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159il\u00e9hala k\u00a0severn\u00ed op\u011b\u0159e a\u00a0n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017en\u00ed zdi a\u00a0p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eela tak nov\u011b budovan\u00e9mu podjezdu. K\u00a0vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to situace bylo t\u0159eba kapli posunout o\u00a0cca 30 metr\u016f sm\u011brem k\u00a0b\u0159ehu \u0159eky.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Sn\u00edmek dokumentuj\u00edc\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159esun kaple sv. M\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Magdal\u00e9ny, kter\u00fd \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prob\u011bhl 3. a 4. \u00fanora 1956<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n

Stavba byla nakonec p\u0159esouv\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed d\u016fmysln\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu za pou\u017eit\u00ed \u017eelezobetonov\u00e9ho v\u011bnce, na kter\u00e9m st\u00e1la kaple, a\u00a0soustavy \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch kolejnic. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed starosti ov\u0161em d\u011blala tuhost stavby\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159ece jen jej\u00ed tvar, st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00fd stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l vzbuzovaly obavy. Rizika se nakonec poda\u0159ilo eliminovat mohutnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00fdd\u0159evou a\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm ocelov\u00fdch obru\u010d\u00ed zven\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u201est\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 dopadlo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b.<\/p>\r\n

Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd, ale kv\u016fli pou\u017eit\u00fdm materi\u00e1l\u016fm na \u00fadr\u017ebu n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u010cech\u016fv most pro\u0161el b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 existence n\u011bkolika rekonstrukcemi\u00a0\u2013 gener\u00e1ln\u00ed oprava prob\u011bhla v\u00a0roce 1974, zat\u00edm posledn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rekonstrukce se most do\u010dkal na p\u0159elomu let 2000 a\u00a02001.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Most pojmenovan\u00fd po velk\u00e9m \u010desk\u00e9m b\u00e1sn\u00edkovi, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 velkou \u010d\u00e1st \u017eivota str\u00e1vil pr\u00e1v\u011b u\u00a0n\u00e1s v\u00a0Praze 7, ale nebyl prvn\u00edm spojen\u00edm Hole\u0161ovic se zbytkem Prahy. Ji\u017e koncem \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 19. stolet\u00ed byl postaven visut\u00fd most Franti\u0161ka Josefa\u00a0I., kter\u00fd p\u0159eklenoval koryto \u0159eky\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde dnes stoj\u00ed most \u0160tef\u00e1nik\u016fv. Vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cechova mostu bylo spojeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s\u00a0procesem asanace Josefova (neboli […]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14995,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4646"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4646"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15777,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4646\/revisions\/15777"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/14995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}