[perex]<\/p>
P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika t\u00fddny byly nejen v\u00a0Praze 7 t\u00e9matem \u010d\u00edslo jedna zm\u011bny ve\u00a0veden\u00ed tramvajov\u00fdch linek. Jak se osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, uk\u00e1\u017ee a\u017e \u010das. Na\u00a0v\u00fdvoji pra\u017esk\u00e9 tramvajov\u00e9 dopravy lze v\u0161ak velmi dob\u0159e ilustrovat rozvoj a\u00a0prom\u011bny m\u011bsta. Ostatn\u011b historie pra\u017esk\u00fdch \u201eelektrik\u201c se p\u0159ed 125 lety za\u010dala ps\u00e1t pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0Praze 7.<\/p>
[\/perex]<\/p>
P\u0159edch\u016fdcem dne\u0161n\u00edch tramvaj\u00ed byla v\u00a0Praze kon\u011bsp\u0159e\u017en\u00e1 tramvaj neboli ko\u0148ka. Jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed v\u016fz p\u0159ijel do\u00a0Hole\u0161ovic-Bubn\u016f (tehdy je\u0161t\u011b samostatn\u00e9 obce) v\u00a0\u010dervnu 1884 z\u00a0Josefsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed (dnes n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Republiky). Kone\u010dn\u00e1 stanice se tehdy nach\u00e1zela na\u00a0prav\u00e9 stran\u011b B\u011blsk\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00eddy (dnes Dukelsk\u00fdch hrdin\u016f) p\u0159ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm mostem. O\u00a0rok pozd\u011bji byla tato tra\u0165 prodlou\u017eena a\u017e do\u00a0Stromovky. Nejv\u00edce vyt\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 byla dr\u00e1ha b\u011bhem Jubilejn\u00ed zemsk\u00e9 v\u00fdstavy v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 1891, kdy sem p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 vozy p\u0159iv\u00e1\u017eely stovky Pra\u017ean\u016f i\u00a0n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0venkova nat\u011b\u0161en\u00fdch na\u00a0zhl\u00e9dnut\u00ed v\u00fdstavn\u00edch expozic.<\/p>\r\n
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V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e ale byla o\u00a0n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f d\u00e1le, na\u00a0letensk\u00e9m kopci, v\u00a0provozu prvn\u00ed elektrick\u00e1 tramvaj v\u00a0Praze. U\u00a0jej\u00edho zrodu st\u00e1l v\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce, podnikatel a\u00a0vlastenec Franti\u0161ek K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk. Pl\u00e1n na\u00a0z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0provoz elektrick\u00e9 tramvaje se v\u00a0jeho hlav\u011b samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zrodil u\u017e n\u011bkolik let p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavou, kterou tak\u00e9 spoluorganizoval a\u00a0pova\u017eoval ji za\u00a0ide\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k\u00a0prezentaci a\u00a0propagaci nov\u00e9ho zdroje energie \u2013 elekt\u0159iny. K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk p\u016fvodn\u011b zam\u00fd\u0161lel v\u00e9st tra\u0165 od\u00a0kotvi\u0161t\u011b hole\u0161ovick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edvozu ze \u0160tvanice p\u0159es Bubenskou t\u0159\u00eddu na\u00a0v\u00fdstavi\u0161t\u011b. Nakonec ale zm\u011bnil pl\u00e1n a\u00a0rozhodl se tra\u0165 nav\u00e1zat na\u00a0lanovou dr\u00e1hu vedouc\u00ed od\u00a0Vltavy k\u00a0Letensk\u00e9mu z\u00e1me\u010dku, kterou pr\u00e1v\u011b za\u010d\u00ednala stav\u011bt pra\u017esk\u00e1 obec. Definitivn\u00ed povolen\u00ed ke\u00a0stavb\u011b obdr\u017eel K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk od\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9ho magistr\u00e1tu 30. dubna 1891. Proti ud\u011blen\u00ed koncese u\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9 radnice ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b protestoval Viktor Haas, \u0159editel spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 provozovala pra\u017eskou kon\u011bsp\u0159e\u017enou dopravu. Ze smlouvy s\u00a0magistr\u00e1tem vypl\u00fdvala pro K\u0159i\u017e\u00edkovu spole\u010dnost cel\u00e1 \u0159ada povinnost\u00ed \u2013 krom\u011b placen\u00ed poplatk\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1jmu musel investor zasypat star\u00fd fortifika\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkop za\u00a0z\u00e1me\u010dkem, byl povinov\u00e1n i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fadr\u017ebou povrchu ulice, kterou vedly koleje, a\u00a0tak\u00e9 jej zavazovala k\u00a0eventu\u00e1ln\u00edmu p\u0159elo\u017een\u00ed kolej\u00ed, bude-li to nutn\u00e9. Magistr\u00e1t rovn\u011b\u017e stanovil maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed cenu j\u00edzdn\u00e9ho (8 krejcar\u016f) a\u00a0povinnou mo\u017enost spole\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00edzdenky na\u00a0tramvaj a\u00a0lanovou dr\u00e1hu na\u00a0Letnou. P\u0159ed zprovozn\u011bn\u00edm trat\u011b se n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t objevily zpr\u00e1vy o\u00a0stavebn\u00edch prac\u00edch ve\u00a0speci\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdstavn\u00edm den\u00edku Praha vyd\u00e1van\u00e9m b\u011bhem Jubilejn\u00ed zemsk\u00e9 v\u00fdstavy, kter\u00fd ve\u00a0snaze p\u0159edstavit n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm v\u00fdhody elektrick\u00e9 tramvaje napsal: \u201eNehled\u011b k\u00a0pohodlnosti dopravy elektrick\u00e9, jest tato i\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b dost lacin\u00e1, nepot\u0159ebuj\u00edc valn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu. Vynik\u00e1 nad ostatn\u00ed klidnou, tichou j\u00edzdou, top\u00ed elekt\u0159inou a\u00a0to v\u0161e z\u00a0jednoho zdroje, bez kou\u0159e. Pro tyto v\u00fdhody m\u00e1 t\u00e9\u017e elektrick\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha budoucnosti a\u00a0lze o\u010dek\u00e1vati, \u017ee p\u0159i vynal\u00e9zavosti na\u0161ich \u010das\u016f v\u0161echny, ji\u017e nyn\u00ed nepatrn\u00e9 vady jej\u00ed budou odstran\u011bny.\u201c<\/p>\r\n
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Trasa tramvaje vedla od\u00a0Letensk\u00e9ho z\u00e1me\u010dku Oveneckou ulic\u00ed ke\u00a0vchodu do\u00a0Stromovky. Na\u00a0za\u010d\u00e1tku prot\u00ednala pozemky, kde dnes stoj\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed technick\u00e9 muzeum. Tra\u0165 byla jednokolejn\u00e1, pouze na\u00a0jej\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tku a\u00a0po\u00a0trase byly kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 \u00faseky se dv\u011bma kolejemi. Za\u00a0z\u00e1me\u010dkem tak\u00e9 vyrostla budova stanice, kter\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u011b slou\u017eila jako depo. P\u0159i stavb\u011b trati myslel K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk do\u00a0budoucna a\u00a0nechal ji postavit tak, aby ji bylo mo\u017eno roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it dv\u011bma sm\u011bry \u2013 sm\u011brem k\u00a0Brusce a\u00a0k\u00a0letohr\u00e1dku Belvedere.<\/p>\r\n
Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed provozu obstaral K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk dva otev\u0159en\u00e9 vozy jednoduch\u00e9 konstrukce \u2013 jeden od\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9 firmy Schuckert, druh\u00fd vyrobila pra\u017esk\u00e1 stroj\u00edrna Ringhoffer. Oba vozy m\u011bly jeden motor o\u00a0v\u00fdkonu 7 ko\u0148sk\u00fdch sil a\u00a0byly nap\u00e1jeny stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdm proudem o\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed 150 volt\u016f. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost na\u00a0trati byla stanovena na\u00a010 km\/h. Stavba dr\u00e1hy prob\u00edhala na\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed pom\u011bry neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b rychle \u2013 K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk zah\u00e1jil pr\u00e1ce koncem kv\u011btna a\u00a0ji\u017e 6. \u010dervna 1891 byly polo\u017eeny koleje v\u00a0Oveneck\u00e9 ulici.<\/p>\r\n
V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dervence 1891 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prob\u011bhly testovac\u00ed j\u00edzdy, a\u00a0tak nic nebr\u00e1nilo slavnostn\u00edmu zah\u00e1jen\u00ed provozu, ke\u00a0kter\u00e9mu do\u0161lo v\u00a0sobotu 18. \u010dervence 1891 r\u00e1no. Mezi hosty slavnostn\u00edho otev\u0159en\u00ed dr\u00e1hy nechyb\u011bl p\u0159edseda v\u00fdstavn\u00edho v\u00fdboru hrab\u011b Zedtwitz, pr\u016fmysln\u00edk Bondy, pra\u017esk\u00fd starosta dr.\u00a0\u0160olc a\u00a0pochopiteln\u011b K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee prvn\u00ed j\u00edzda tramvaje byla prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed atrakc\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159il\u00e1kala doslova davy Pra\u017ean\u016f, o\u00a0\u010dem\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i\u00a0report\u00e1\u017e z\u00a0den\u00edku N\u00e1rodn\u00ed politika: \u201eKolem stanice elektrick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, jako\u017e i\u00a0pod\u00e9l cel\u00e9 trati v\u00a0Oveneck\u00e9 ulici a\u017e k\u00a0zast\u00e1vce p\u0159ed Kr\u00e1lovskou oborou, kupilo se mno\u017estv\u00ed div\u00e1k\u016f. J\u00edzda ku Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 obo\u0159e trvala p\u0159esn\u011b 2\u00bd minuty. Kdy\u017e v\u016fz zastavil, provolali \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci zahajovac\u00ed j\u00edzdy p.\u00a0in\u017een\u00fdru K\u0159i\u017e\u00edkovi srde\u010dn\u00e9 ,Sl\u00e1va\u2018 a\u00a0,Na\u00a0zdar\u2018.\u201c Nov\u00e1 tramvaj jezdila v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd den od\u00a0r\u00e1na od\u00a06 do\u00a021 hodin, v\u00a0zim\u011b byl provoz pouze do\u00a019 hodin. Nov\u00e1 elektrika fungovala \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b b\u011bhem kon\u00e1n\u00ed Jubilejn\u00ed v\u00fdstavy a\u00a0jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed sezona skon\u010dila 2. listopadu 1891.<\/p>\r\n
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K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk si uv\u011bdomoval, \u017ee dr\u00e1hu je t\u0159eba zatraktivnit, aby byla v\u00a0dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00edm horizontu ekonomicky \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1. Rozhodl se proto prodlou\u017eit ji a\u017e k\u00a0M\u00edstodr\u017eitelsk\u00e9mu letohr\u00e1dku. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 1893 provedl n\u00e1kladem 25 tis\u00edc zlat\u00fdch tuto stavbu, celkov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka trati tak dos\u00e1hla 1,4 kilometru. Ani vylep\u0161en\u00ed trati ale nep\u0159ivedlo k\u00a0jej\u00edmu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce cestuj\u00edc\u00edch. To v\u0161ak K\u0159i\u017e\u00edka neodradilo a\u00a0d\u00e1l p\u0159ich\u00e1zel s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhy na\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trati. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0roce 1896 pl\u00e1noval vystav\u011bt odbo\u010dku Belcrediho t\u0159\u00eddou (Milady Hor\u00e1kov\u00e9) sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed do\u00a0B\u011blsk\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00eddy (Dukelsk\u00fdch hrdin\u016f), a\u00a0dos\u00e1hnout tak k\u00fd\u017een\u00e9ho napojen\u00ed na\u00a0ostatn\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010di vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed tramvajovou s\u00ed\u0165. Tento i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy mu v\u0161ak byly zam\u00edtnuty, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee pra\u017esk\u00e1 obec tehdy u\u017e pl\u00e1novala v\u00fdstavbu trat\u00ed ve\u00a0sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed re\u017eii. Ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1897 byly v\u00a0provozu krom\u011b linek ko\u0148ky a\u00a0letensk\u00e9 tramvaje dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i elektrifikovan\u00e9 trat\u011b. Linku Praha\u2013Libe\u0148\u2013Kobylisy provozoval op\u011bt Franti\u0161ek K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk, dal\u0161\u00ed pak hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto, obec Vinohrady nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad starosta Ko\u0161\u00ed\u0159 Mat\u011bj Hlav\u00e1\u010dek.<\/p>\r\n
Letensk\u00e1 tra\u0165 tak skom\u00edrala, posledn\u00ed j\u00edzdy se konaly v\u00a0roce 1900, a\u00a0to pouze v\u00a0letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku zastavil K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk provoz \u00fapln\u011b. Definitivn\u00ed konec trati p\u0159ineslo postupn\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed kolej\u00ed v\u00a0obou \u00fasec\u00edch v\u00a0letech 1903\u20131904.<\/p>\r\n
I\u00a0kdy\u017e fungov\u00e1n\u00ed letensk\u00e9 tramvaje nem\u011blo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed, jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam byl zna\u010dn\u00fd. Jej\u00ed majitel a\u00a0provozovatel Franti\u0161ek K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk prakticky uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee tento typ dopravy m\u00e1 budoucnost, a\u00a0pomohl tak otev\u0159\u00edt cestu k\u00a0tomuto dodnes mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobu p\u0159epravy obyvatel i\u00a0n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f Prahy. \u25cb<\/p>\r\n
1 Stanice tramvaje<\/p>\r\n
na\u00a0Letn\u00e9<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
2 Inici\u00e1tor vzniku prvn\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9 tramvaje, vyn\u00e1lezce a\u00a0pr\u016fmysln\u00edk Franti\u0161ek K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk<\/p>\r\n
(1847\u20131941)<\/p>\r\n
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3 Stavba prvn\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy na\u00a0Letn\u00e9<\/p>\r\n
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4 Prvn\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 tramvaj; v\u00a0pop\u0159ed\u00ed Franti\u0161ek K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex]P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika t\u00fddny byly nejen v\u00a0Praze 7 t\u00e9matem \u010d\u00edslo jedna zm\u011bny ve\u00a0veden\u00ed tramvajov\u00fdch linek. Jak se osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, uk\u00e1\u017ee a\u017e \u010das. Na\u00a0v\u00fdvoji pra\u017esk\u00e9 tramvajov\u00e9 dopravy lze v\u0161ak velmi dob\u0159e ilustrovat rozvoj a\u00a0prom\u011bny m\u011bsta. Ostatn\u011b historie pra\u017esk\u00fdch \u201eelektrik\u201c se p\u0159ed 125 lety za\u010dala ps\u00e1t pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0Praze 7.[\/perex]P\u0159edch\u016fdcem dne\u0161n\u00edch tramvaj\u00ed byla v\u00a0Praze kon\u011bsp\u0159e\u017en\u00e1 tramvaj neboli ko\u0148ka. Jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed […]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4361"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4416,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361\/revisions\/4416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}