{"id":43105,"date":"2020-10-29T12:19:21","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T11:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/?p=43105"},"modified":"2020-10-29T12:19:21","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T11:19:21","slug":"trojska-mlekarna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/trojska-mlekarna\/","title":{"rendered":"Trojsk\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna"},"content":{"rendered":"

[perex]<\/p>\r\n

Praha 7 a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na Hole\u0161ovice b\u00fdvaly v\u00a0meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou pr\u016fmyslovou enkl\u00e1vou. Fungovaly\u00a0zde velk\u00e9 firmy i\u00a0des\u00edtky mal\u00fdch d\u00edlen, zpravidla ve vnitrobloc\u00edch dom\u016f. I\u00a0\u0161k\u00e1la zdej\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f byla \u0161irok\u00e1 \u2013 od t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu p\u0159es spot\u0159ebn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a\u017e po hodinov\u00e9 stroje. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 byly i\u00a0potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9\u00a0podniky jako nap\u0159\u00edklad are\u00e1ly \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edch jatek nebo M\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9ho pivovaru. O\u00a0n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 je Trojsk\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna, kter\u00e1 p\u0159itom b\u00fdvala nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dru\u017estevn\u00edm podnikem sv\u00e9ho druhu v\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00edm \u010ceskoslovensku.<\/p>\r\n

[\/perex]<\/p>\r\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed my\u0161lenkou dru\u017estevn\u00edho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed byla idea sv\u00e9pomoci \u2013 dru\u017estva m\u011bla podpo\u0159it drobn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blce a\u00a0podnikatele a\u00a0h\u00e1jit jejich z\u00e1jmy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sdru\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch celk\u016f pom\u00e1halo t\u011bmto mal\u00fdm producent\u016fm \u010delit konkurenci velk\u00fdch podnikatel\u016f. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem agr\u00e1rn\u00edho spole\u010denstva byla obiln\u00ed dru\u017estva. Drobn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci dod\u00e1vali obil\u00ed a\u00a0prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch pod\u00edl\u016f v\u00a0dru\u017estvu m\u011bli vliv na v\u00fdkupn\u00ed ceny a\u00a0celkovou obchodn\u00ed politiku.<\/p>\r\n

Podm\u00ednky pro rozvoj dru\u017estevn\u00edch spole\u010denstev p\u0159inesl rakousk\u00fd \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd byl schv\u00e1len v\u00a0roce 1873. Stovky dru\u017estev tak vznikly u\u017e p\u0159ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed boom tohoto typu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159i\u0161el se vznikem republiky. V\u00a0roce 1927 fungovalo v\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00edm \u010ceskoslovensku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9500 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch dru\u017estev, je\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u011blit do dvou skupin. \u00dav\u011brn\u00ed dru\u017estva poskytovala finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm, zpravidla s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u00farokem, kter\u00fd se pohyboval v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed 1\u20131,5 %. V\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch oblastech fungovala \u00fav\u011brn\u00ed dru\u017estva podle syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd vymyslel a\u00a0propagoval Fridrich W. Raiffeisen, v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch enkl\u00e1v\u00e1ch se prosadily ideje Franti\u0161ka Cyrila Kampel\u00edka. Pr\u00e1v\u011b podle n\u011bj se tato dru\u017estva naz\u00fdvala kampeli\u010dky. Druh\u00e1, po\u010detn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupina dru\u017estev, spadala do kategorie tzv. ne\u00fav\u011brn\u00edch. Sem pat\u0159ila zejm\u00e9na dru\u017estva orientovan\u00e1 na n\u00e1kup, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0uskladn\u011bn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f (skladi\u0161tn\u00ed a\u00a0konzumn\u00ed), ml\u00fdnsk\u00e1 a\u00a0pek\u00e1rensk\u00e1, ln\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 apod. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupina dru\u017estev pak na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch budovala mal\u00e9 vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny. Z\u00a0hlediska na\u0161eho t\u00e9matu n\u00e1s budou zaj\u00edmat dru\u017estva tzv. v\u00fdrobn\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b ml\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n

Ml\u00e9ko m\u00edsto piva<\/strong>
\r\nDru\u017estva na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u00e9ka se p\u0159ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou rozv\u00edjela p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na Morav\u011b, v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch se do pop\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1vala pomaleji. I\u00a0tak se u\u017e v\u00a0roce 1913 ustavuje rolnick\u00e1 dru\u017estevn\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna v\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bstsk\u00e9 obci Troji. U\u00a0jej\u00edho zrodu st\u00e1l podnikav\u00fd statk\u00e1\u0159 z\u00a0Velk\u00fdch \u010c\u00ed\u010dovic Bohumil \u0160ebek, kter\u00fd se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zalo\u017een\u00edm podniku odjel do V\u00eddn\u011b a\u00a0Horn\u00edch Rakous inspirovat, jak obdobn\u00e9 podniky funguj\u00ed v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed velkom\u011bsta. K\u00a0ustaven\u00ed dru\u017estva do\u0161lo na zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed valn\u00e9 hromad\u011b 23. ledna 1913. Nov\u00e9mu podniku nab\u00eddl k\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed svou tehdej\u0161\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rnu velkostatk\u00e1\u0159 Alois Svoboda. Tento v\u00fdznamn\u00fd mecen\u00e1\u0161 z\u00a0Troji v\u011bnoval \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu Trojsk\u00fd z\u00e1mek a\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pozemky, na kter\u00fdch posl\u00e9ze vznikla zoologick\u00e1 a\u00a0botanick\u00e1 zahrada. K\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b pat\u0159ily i\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i prodejny v\u00a0Praze, kter\u00e9 nov\u011b z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 dru\u017estvo tak\u00e9 p\u0159evzalo. Za\u010d\u00e1tky dru\u017estva byly velice obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, muselo toti\u017e \u010delit velk\u00e9 konkurenci v\u00a0oblasti Prahy a\u00a0bojovat s\u00a0ned\u016fv\u011brou velkom\u011bstsk\u00fdch obyvatel v\u016f\u010di \u201eselsk\u00e9mu\u201c ml\u00e9ku. I\u00a0kdy\u017e situaci podniku je\u0161t\u011b zkomplikoval za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u00e1lky, nov\u00e9mu veden\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rny se poda\u0159ilo podnik stabilizovat. V\u00a0roce 1918 rozhodlo o\u00a0n\u00e1kupu are\u00e1lu b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Trojsk\u00e9ho pivovaru, kter\u00fd si dosud od Aloise Svobody jen pronaj\u00edmali. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se da\u0159\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed dodavatele ml\u00e9ka, zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0obc\u00ed u\u00a0Prahy spadaj\u00edc\u00ed pod tehdej\u0161\u00ed okres Sm\u00edchov.<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/a>
\r\nZakladatel Trojsk\u00e9 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rny Bohumil \u0160ebek<\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0nab\u00eddkou ml\u00e9ka je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0roce 1912 jej v\u00a0Praze 7 bylo mo\u017eno koupit na \u010dty\u0159iceti m\u00edstech. Jen pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fd adres\u00e1\u0159 \u017eivnostn\u00edk\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed pro Prahu 7 celkem 141 hospod. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prodejen ml\u00e9ka se\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inou jednalo o\u00a0mal\u00e9 soukrom\u00e9 prodejce, nicm\u00e9n\u011b sv\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed zde m\u011bly i\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e9 provozy \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad Radlick\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna tu provozovala p\u011bt prodejn\u00edch m\u00edst, Vyso\u010dansk\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna dv\u011b. V\u00fdrobky z\u00a0ml\u00e9ka nab\u00edzely v\u00a0Praze 7 ve vlastn\u00edch prodejn\u00e1ch i\u00a0velkostatek v\u00a0Jen\u010di nebo
\r\nI. \u010desk\u00e1 akciov\u00e1 parn\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna.<\/p>\r\n

Vzh\u016fru do Hole\u0161ovic<\/strong>
\r\nNa po\u010d\u00e1tku dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let se Trojsk\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna prudce rozv\u00edj\u00ed, produkce se zvy\u0161uje ka\u017ed\u00fd rok o\u00a0des\u00edtky procent. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee dosavadn\u00ed prostory v\u00a0Troji nebudou ji\u017e brzy dosta\u010dovat. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu se na valn\u00e9 hromad\u011b v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1924 dru\u017estevn\u00edci rozhodli, \u017ee zakoup\u00ed pozemek a\u00a0objekty b\u00fdval\u00e9 Waldesovy stroj\u00edrny v\u00a0Osadn\u00ed ulici \u010d. 26 (are\u00e1l se rozprost\u00edral na rohu ulic Osadn\u00ed a\u00a0Poup\u011btova). V\u00a0letech 1925\u20131926 pak prob\u011bhla p\u0159estavba rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho are\u00e1lu a\u00a0adaptace st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch budov pro pot\u0159eby ml\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e9ho provozu. Nov\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna, a\u010dkoliv nyn\u00ed s\u00eddlila v\u00a0Hole\u0161ovic\u00edch, si podr\u017eela n\u00e1zev Trojsk\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna a\u00a0byla slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159ena 6. ledna 1927 za \u00fa\u010dasti ministra zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed agr\u00e1rn\u00edka Otakara Srd\u00ednka. V\u00a0dob\u011b uveden\u00ed do provozu se jednalo o\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rolnickou dru\u017estevn\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rnu na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska.<\/p>\r\n

Nov\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna m\u011bla kolem obvodu hlavn\u00ed budovy nakl\u00e1dac\u00ed rampu, ke kter\u00e9 bylo mo\u017eno p\u0159istavit a\u017e osmn\u00e1ct povoz\u016f, jimi\u017e se rozv\u00e1\u017eelo ml\u00e9ko po Praze. Na dvo\u0159e are\u00e1lu tak\u00e9 vyrostly modern\u00ed ko\u0148sk\u00e9 st\u00e1je, ve kter\u00fdch byli ust\u00e1jeni ta\u017en\u00ed kon\u011b. Koncem dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let u\u017e postupovala motorizace, bylo zde m\u00edsto i\u00a0pro \u010dty\u0159i n\u00e1kladn\u00ed auta, je\u017e slou\u017eila k\u00a0distribuci v\u00fdrobk\u016f do vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prodejen. T\u011bch m\u011bla ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna po Praze v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011bt des\u00edtek.<\/p>\r\n

Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 strojn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rny bylo poh\u00e1n\u011bno elektrick\u00fdm proudem, zcela v\u00a0duchu doby, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e parn\u00ed stroje ustupovaly tomuto modern\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu a\u00a0pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zdroji energie. Do ml\u00e9k\u00e1rny bylo v\u00a0prv\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b t\u0159eba dostat ml\u00e9ko od producent\u016f \u2013 farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed je sem ka\u017ed\u00fd den zav\u00e1\u017eeli. K\u00a0tomu slou\u017eila \u201ep\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1rna\u201c, kde byly um\u00edst\u011bny \u010dty\u0159i n\u00e1dr\u017ee na bezvadn\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko a\u00a0jedna men\u0161\u00ed pro ml\u00e9ko z\u00e1vadn\u00e9. Odtud pak proudila vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 tekutina do dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstnost\u00ed podle \u00fa\u010delu, k\u00a0n\u011bmu\u017e m\u011bla b\u00fdt zpracov\u00e1na. V\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hale, tzv. odst\u0159e\u010fovn\u011b, bylo sedm odst\u0159edivek, \u010dty\u0159i pasteriza\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0jeden stroj na homogenizaci. Zde tak\u00e9 prob\u00edhala v\u00fdroba jogurt\u016f. Funkci dal\u0161\u00edho prostoru v\u00a0ml\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b, m\u00e1sl\u00e1rny, nazna\u010duje ji\u017e jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev. M\u00e1slo se zde p\u0159ipravovalo ve t\u0159ech uzr\u00e1vac\u00edch k\u00e1d\u00edch, do kter\u00fdch byla p\u0159ivedena tepl\u00e1 a\u00a0studen\u00e1 voda. Vedle velk\u00e9ho v\u00fdtahu na dopravu zbo\u017e\u00ed byla su\u0161\u00e1rna kaseinu (ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny) s\u00a0denn\u00ed kapacitou a\u017e 600 kilogram\u016f. Cel\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed budova byla podsklepen\u00e1, n\u00edzk\u00e1 teplota ve sklep\u00edch umo\u017e\u0148ovala nejen skladov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 zde zr\u00e1ly s\u00fdry.<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/a>
\r\nOdst\u0159e\u010fovna ml\u00e9ka<\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

U\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sto lety se kladl velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na hygienu a\u00a0zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnost zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka i\u00a0hotov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. V\u00a0prvn\u00edm pat\u0159e hlavn\u00ed budovy tak byly v\u00a0provozu \u010dty\u0159i laborato\u0159e, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b zpracov\u00e1valy a\u00a0analyzovaly v\u00edce ne\u017e stovku vzork\u016f.<\/p>\r\n

Ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna byla schopna denn\u011b zpracovat a\u017e 50 tis\u00edc litr\u016f ml\u00e9ka, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byla navr\u017eena tak, aby jej\u00ed kapacita mohla b\u00fdt nav\u00fd\u0161ena a\u017e na dvojn\u00e1sobek. V\u00a0roce 1927 zpracovala Trojsk\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7,9 milionu litr\u016f ml\u00e9ka, denn\u011b sem zem\u011bd\u011blci z\u00a0okol\u00ed p\u0159ivezli a\u017e 30 tis\u00edc litr\u016f ml\u00e9ka.<\/p>\r\n

V\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy se Trojsk\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna otev\u00edrala, tedy v\u00a0polovin\u011b dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, rozv\u00edjely v\u00a0Praze 7 \u010dinnost des\u00edtky dal\u0161\u00edch dru\u017estev. Vedle \u010detn\u00fdch bytov\u00fdch a\u00a0v\u00fdrobn\u00edch dru\u017estev se jich velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st zab\u00fdvala pr\u00e1v\u011b potravin\u00e1\u0159skou v\u00fdrobou. P\u0159\u00edmou konkurenc\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti produkce ml\u00e9ka a\u00a0v\u00fdrobk\u016f z\u00a0n\u011bj byla Dru\u017estevn\u00ed parn\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla sv\u016fj provoz v\u00a0He\u0159manov\u011b ulici a\u00a0prodejnu v\u00a0dom\u011b \u010dp. 798 v\u00a0Plyn\u00e1rn\u00ed ulici. Na Okru\u017en\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b (dnes Jankovcova) tak\u00e9 s\u00eddlila organizace sdru\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed dru\u017estevn\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rny \u2013 Obchodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed ml\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch dru\u017estev.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/a>
\r\nProstor, odkud se expedovaly v\u00fdrobky<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex] Praha 7 a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na Hole\u0161ovice b\u00fdvaly v\u00a0meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou pr\u016fmyslovou enkl\u00e1vou. Fungovaly\u00a0zde velk\u00e9 firmy i\u00a0des\u00edtky mal\u00fdch d\u00edlen, zpravidla ve vnitrobloc\u00edch dom\u016f. I\u00a0\u0161k\u00e1la zdej\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f byla \u0161irok\u00e1 \u2013 od t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu p\u0159es spot\u0159ebn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a\u017e po hodinov\u00e9 stroje. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 byly i\u00a0potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9\u00a0podniky jako nap\u0159\u00edklad are\u00e1ly \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edch jatek nebo M\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9ho pivovaru. O\u00a0n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 je Trojsk\u00e1 ml\u00e9k\u00e1rna, kter\u00e1 p\u0159itom […]","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":43107,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43105"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43105"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43114,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43105\/revisions\/43114"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/43107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}