[perex]<\/p>\r\n
Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0koronavirem vedou u\u00a0mnoha z\u00a0n\u00e1s k\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu poklesu p\u0159\u00edjmu. I\u00a0ti, kte\u0159\u00ed byli zvykl\u00ed na finan\u010dn\u00ed pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159 a\u00a0bez pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed spl\u00e1celi hypot\u00e9ku, se ocitaj\u00ed v\u00a0probl\u00e9mech. Vl\u00e1da ale p\u0159ijala \u0159adu opat\u0159en\u00ed, je\u017e maj\u00ed dopady krizov\u00e9ho stavu zm\u00edrnit. Zde je mal\u00fd pr\u016fvodce.<\/p>\r\n
[\/perex]<\/p>\r\n
Odklad spl\u00e1tek \u00fav\u011br\u016f P\u0159edn\u011b je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee z\u00e1kon se vztahuje na \u00fav\u011bry, kter\u00e9 byly sjedn\u00e1ny a\u00a0\u010derp\u00e1ny p\u0159ed 26. 3. 2020. \u00dalevy ale nelze uplatnit, pokud byl \u00fav\u011brovan\u00fd p\u0159ed t\u00edmto datem v\u00a0prodlen\u00ed del\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 30 dn\u016f. Z\u00e1kon tak\u00e9 nedopad\u00e1 na p\u016fj\u010dky, je\u017e poskytl nepodnikatel. Jako ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1kon, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i\u00a0tento m\u00e1 \u0159adu v\u00fdjimek, kde bych ale odk\u00e1zal p\u0159\u00edmo na jeho \u00a7 3.<\/p>\r\n A\u00a0v\u00a0\u010dem tedy \u00falevy spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed? Z\u00e1kon zav\u00e1d\u00ed tzv. ochrannou lh\u016ftu, kter\u00e1 trv\u00e1 do 31. 10., p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pokud \u00fav\u011brovan\u00fd chce, tak krat\u0161\u00ed dobu do 31. 7.<\/p>\r\n Co mus\u00edte ud\u011blat? Ochrann\u00e1 doba neza\u010dne b\u011b\u017eet automaticky. Mus\u00edte \u00fav\u011bruj\u00edc\u00edmu ozn\u00e1mit, \u017ee o\u00a0ochrannou dobu \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1te, a\u00a0za\u010dne b\u011b\u017eet prvn\u00ed den n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce od doru\u010den\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed. Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt p\u00edsemn\u00e9, ale \u00fav\u011bruj\u00edc\u00ed by m\u011bl umo\u017enit podat ozn\u00e1men\u00ed i\u00a0prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm internetu.<\/p>\r\n Dluhy se neodpou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, ani nesni\u017euj\u00ed. Jde o\u00a0odklad spl\u00e1tek. Po dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 doby tedy nemus\u00edte platit jistinu ani \u00faroky. Za tento odklad by \u00fav\u011bruj\u00edc\u00ed nem\u011bl \u00fa\u010dtovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sankce, kter\u00e9 by vypl\u00fdvaly z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00ed smlouvy, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b by tak\u00e9 nem\u011blo doj\u00edt k\u00a0p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu zesplatn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru.<\/p>\r\n Z\u00e1kon ale neznamen\u00e1 odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dluhu, p\u0159\u00edmo v\u0161ak upravuje i\u00a0to, \u017ee po dobu b\u011bhu ochrann\u00e9 doby bude \u00fav\u011br \u00faro\u010den. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 doby tedy nen\u00ed zadarmo, dlu\u017en\u00edk si ho zaplat\u00ed v\u00a0budoucnu \u2013 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fav\u011br\u016f pro podnikatele ve v\u00fd\u0161i sjednan\u00e9ho \u00faroku. Pokud jde o\u00a0\u00fav\u011br spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fd (nebyl ur\u010den na podnik\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0a\u00a0nebrali jste si ho jako podnikatel\u00e9), je \u00farok upraven ve v\u00fd\u0161i sou\u010dtu 8 % a\u00a0reposazby \u010cNB, kter\u00e1 se za dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed epidemie sn\u00ed\u017eila postupn\u011b z\u00a01,75 % na 0,25 %.<\/p>\r\n D\u00e1le plat\u00ed novela z\u00e1kona o\u00a0spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9m \u00fav\u011bru, je\u017e limituje v\u00fd\u0161i sankc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee v\u011b\u0159itel po\u017eadovat v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0prodlen\u00edm u\u00a0spl\u00e1cen\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru, je\u017e je del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 90 dn\u016f. V\u00a0takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lze nov\u011b rovn\u011b\u017e po\u017eadovat pouze \u00farok ve v\u00fd\u0161i reposazby \u010cNB zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd o\u00a08 %. Plat\u00ed to i\u00a0u\u00a0smluv, kter\u00e9 byly uzav\u0159eny p\u0159ed nabyt\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinnosti tohoto z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\r\n A\u00a0jak je to v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jste reagovali je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e vl\u00e1da p\u0159ijala uveden\u00fd z\u00e1kon, a\u00a0dohodli jste se t\u0159eba s\u00a0bankou na rozlo\u017een\u00ed spl\u00e1tek? Ani tak ale nejste schopni z\u00e1vazek plnit, proto\u017ee se va\u0161e situace d\u00e1le zhor\u0161ila? Podle uveden\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona plat\u00ed, \u017ee s\u00a0rozb\u011bhem ochrann\u00e9 doby pozb\u00fdvaj\u00ed ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9m dluhu, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt splatn\u00fd v\u00a0ochrann\u00e9 dob\u011b nebo pozd\u011bji, pr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, pokud se dodate\u010dn\u011b rozhodnete vyu\u017e\u00edt ochrann\u00e9 doby podle z\u00e1kona, p\u0159ebije to i\u00a0va\u0161e ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0bankou.<\/p>\r\n V\u00a0souvislosti se spl\u00e1cen\u00edm dluh\u016f je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout i\u00a0pravidlo p\u0159ijat\u00e9 v\u00a0nov\u00e9m \u00a7 29 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 191\/2020, o\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f epidemie koronaviru SARS CoV-2 na osoby \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00ed se soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, po\u0161kozen\u00e9, ob\u011bti trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f a\u00a0pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby a\u00a0o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011b insolven\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kona a\u00a0ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b zvan\u00fd \u201eLex Covid\u201c. Podle n\u011bj plat\u00ed, \u017ee prok\u00e1\u017ee-li dlu\u017en\u00edk, \u017ee mu omezen\u00ed plynouc\u00ed z\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i epidemii znemo\u017enilo nebo podstatn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eilo v\u010dasn\u00e9 splacen\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9ho dluhu, lze po dlu\u017en\u00edkovi po dobu jeho trv\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadovat sankce pro p\u0159\u00edpad prodlen\u00ed pouze do v\u00fd\u0161e stanoven\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem upravuj\u00edc\u00edm \u00faroky z\u00a0prodlen\u00ed (op\u011bt se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0\u010d\u00e1stku sou\u010dtu reposazby a\u00a08 %). Tyto \u00fa\u010dinky pominou nejpozd\u011bji 30. 6. 2020. Toto pravidlo p\u016fjde uplatnit na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed okruh p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v\u010detn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u016fj\u010dek uzav\u0159en\u00fdch mezi nepodnikateli. Vzt\u00e1hnout p\u016fjde na prodlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nastalo po 12. 3. u\u00a0smluv, je\u017e byly uzav\u0159eny p\u0159ed nabyt\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinnosti z\u00e1kona, tedy p\u0159ed 24. 4.<\/p>\r\n \u00dalevy v\u00a0exekuc\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00a0oddlu\u017een\u00ed Dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bna se pak dot\u00fdk\u00e1 obstaven\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f v\u00a0exekuci a\u00a0v\u00fdplaty \u010d\u00e1sti zabaven\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Jestli\u017ee v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m re\u017eimu lze \u017e\u00e1dat o\u00a0jednor\u00e1zovou v\u00fdplatu dvojn\u00e1sobku \u017eivotn\u00edho minima, tak podle tohoto z\u00e1kona lze a\u017e do 31. 12. \u017e\u00e1dat o\u00a0v\u00fdplatu \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobku \u017eivotn\u00edho minima. Podobn\u011b jako\u00a0u\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edho s\u00a0placen\u00edm \u00fav\u011br\u016f, i\u00a0zde se opat\u0159en\u00ed pou\u017eij\u00ed tak\u00e9 na exekuce, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaly p\u0159ed schv\u00e1len\u00edm z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\r\n Lex Covid ale p\u0159inesl i\u00a0trval\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Jednou z\u00a0nich je t\u0159eba zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jistiny dluhu, kv\u016fli n\u011bmu\u017e lze prodat nemovitost, ve kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 dlu\u017en\u00edk trval\u00e9 bydli\u0161t\u011b, z\u00a030\u00a0000 na 100\u00a0000 K\u010d.<\/p>\r\n Cestou, jak zm\u00edrnit dopady krize na pr\u016fb\u011bh exekuce, je tak\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu na odklad exekuce pr\u00e1v\u011b s\u00a0odkazem na dopady pandemie a\u00a0p\u0159ijat\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edjmy dlu\u017en\u00edka. Nejde o\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00fd nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, mo\u017enost odlo\u017eit exekuci v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se dlu\u017en\u00edk dostane na p\u0159echodnou dobu bez sv\u00e9ho zavin\u011bn\u00ed do probl\u00e9m\u016f, existuje \u0159adu let. V\u00a0praxi se vyu\u017e\u00edvala nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech dlouhodob\u00e9 hospitalizace dlu\u017en\u00edka apod., v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je nicm\u00e9n\u011b tento postup doporu\u010dov\u00e1n i\u00a0ministerstvem spravedlnosti pr\u00e1v\u011b pro p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se dlu\u017en\u00edk ocitne v\u00a0probl\u00e9mech v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0pandemi\u00ed. N\u00e1vrh se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u00a0exekutorovi, jen\u017e exekuci vede, a\u00a0vzor lze naj\u00edt na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch www.justice.cz<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n Lex Covid pamatuje i\u00a0na \u00falevy t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v\u00a0procesu oddlu\u017een\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0d\u016fsledku v\u00fdpadku p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f nejsou schopni platit dle spl\u00e1tkov\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e. Jak\u00e9koli probl\u00e9my se spl\u00e1cen\u00edm v\u00a0oddlu\u017een\u00ed je t\u0159eba p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161it co nejd\u0159\u00edve s\u00a0insolven\u010dn\u00edm spr\u00e1vcem. Podle z\u00e1kona by v\u00fdpadky p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f nem\u011bly v\u00e9st k\u00a0zastaven\u00ed procesu oddlu\u017een\u00ed. Nov\u011b m\u00e1 platit, \u017ee u\u00a0toho, kdo zah\u00e1jil insolven\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed 1. 6. 2019 a\u00a0kv\u016fli dopad\u016fm pandemie by nebyl schopen zaplatit b\u011bhem p\u011bti let minim\u00e1ln\u011b 30 % dluh\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee soud na jeho n\u00e1vrh zohlednit nezavin\u011bn\u00e9 dopady pandemie a\u00a0p\u0159iznat i\u00a0tak osvobozen\u00ed od placen\u00ed zbytku dluh\u016f, podobn\u011b jako je tomu v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b oddlu\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e prob\u00edhaj\u00ed dle pravidel platn\u00fdch od \u010dervna 2019.<\/p>\r\n Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/strong>
\r\n<\/strong>Mo\u017enost odlo\u017eit spl\u00e1tky spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch i\u00a0podnikatelsk\u00fdch \u00fav\u011br\u016f za\u010daly banky i\u00a0nebankovn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nab\u00edzet ji\u017e kr\u00e1tce po p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edch mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed dobrovoln\u011b. P\u0159esto se vl\u00e1da rozhodla upravit spl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 moratorium i\u00a0v\u00a0z\u00e1kon\u011b, a\u00a0p\u0159ijala proto z\u00e1kon \u010d. 177\/2020 Sb., o\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch v\u00a0oblasti spl\u00e1cen\u00ed \u00fav\u011br\u016f v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0pandemi\u00ed Covid-19. Co p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed?<\/p>\r\n
\r\n<\/strong>Lex Covid p\u0159inesl do\u010dasn\u00e9 zm\u011bny i\u00a0do v\u00fdkonu rozhodnut\u00ed a\u00a0exekuc\u00ed. P\u0159edn\u011b je do 30. 6. omezena mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt exekuce \u010di v\u00fdkon rozhodnut\u00ed prodejem movit\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed. A\u017e na v\u00fdjimky by tedy nem\u011blo doch\u00e1zet k\u00a0n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1m vykonavatel\u016f exekutora v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnostech dlu\u017en\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0zabavov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed a\u00a0k\u00a0prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed dra\u017eeb. D\u00e1le rovn\u011b\u017e do 30. 6. nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt prod\u00e1na nemovitost, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e m\u00e1 dlu\u017en\u00edk m\u00edsto trval\u00e9ho pobytu. I\u00a0zde jsou v\u00fdjimky, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho nebo dluh\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch \u00famysln\u00fdm trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem \u010di vznikl\u00fdch z\u00a0\u00fajmy na zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n
\r\nV\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 zm\u011bny jsou v\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm plo\u0161n\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, je\u017e lze v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0kriz\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vat. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na n\u011b ale budou navazovat dal\u0161\u00ed ji\u017e dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed novely pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Zat\u00edm st\u00e1le p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 trend legislativn\u00edch zm\u011bn v\u00a0prosp\u011bch dlu\u017en\u00edk\u016f, st\u00e1le siln\u011bji se ale oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed i\u00a0v\u011b\u0159itel\u00e9, pro n\u011b\u017e se n\u011bkter\u00e9 pohled\u00e1vky st\u00e1vaj\u00ed prakticky nevymahateln\u00fdmi. Kritika je sly\u0161et i\u00a0ve vztahu k\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00edm, kter\u00e1 jsme shrnuli v\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, a\u00a0je ot\u00e1zka, pokud dojde k\u00a0jejich napaden\u00ed u\u00a0\u00dastavn\u00edho soudu, zda p\u0159ed n\u00edm obstoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0ohledem na z\u00e1kaz zp\u011btn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti pr\u00e1vn\u00edch norem \u010di s\u00a0ohledem na pr\u016fb\u011bh legislativn\u00edho procesu, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e byly p\u0159ijaty. Na nejistotu si ale bohu\u017eel budeme muset zvykat asi st\u00e1le v\u00edce ve v\u0161ech oblastech na\u0161eho \u017eivota.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[perex] Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0koronavirem vedou u\u00a0mnoha z\u00a0n\u00e1s k\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu poklesu p\u0159\u00edjmu. I\u00a0ti, kte\u0159\u00ed byli zvykl\u00ed na finan\u010dn\u00ed pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159 a\u00a0bez pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed spl\u00e1celi hypot\u00e9ku, se ocitaj\u00ed v\u00a0probl\u00e9mech. Vl\u00e1da ale p\u0159ijala \u0159adu opat\u0159en\u00ed, je\u017e maj\u00ed dopady krizov\u00e9ho stavu zm\u00edrnit. Zde je mal\u00fd pr\u016fvodce. [\/perex] Odklad spl\u00e1tek \u00fav\u011br\u016f Mo\u017enost odlo\u017eit spl\u00e1tky spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch i\u00a0podnikatelsk\u00fdch \u00fav\u011br\u016f za\u010daly banky i\u00a0nebankovn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nab\u00edzet […]","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":38014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38012"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38012"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38817,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38012\/revisions\/38817"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/38014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praha7.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}